Prediction of Clinically Relevant Safety Signals of Nephrotoxicity through Plasma Metabolite Profiling

Table 6

Summary of metabolite profiling and comparison with know toxicities.

Drug	Target	Rat study standard findings	Human clinical findings	MMtox prediction
Captopril	Kidney	Yes	Yes	Yes (*)
Lisinopril	Kidney	Yes	Yes	Yes (*)
Cyclosporin A	Kidney	Yes	Yes	Yes
Doxorubicin	Kidney	Yes	Yes	Yes
Phenytoin	Kidney	No	No	No
Captopril	Liver	No	Yes	Yes
Cyclosporin A	Liver	Yes	Yes	Yes
Doxorubicin	Liver	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lisinopril	Liver	No	No	No
Phenytoin	Liver	No	Yes	Yes
Cyclosporin A	Anemia	Yes	Yes	Yes
Doxorubicin	Anemia	Yes	Yes	Yes
Captopril	Bone marrow	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lisinopril	Platelet	Yes	Yes	Yes

∗The treatments with these compounds were used to define some of the patterns for kidney toxicity.