Exogenous Nucleotides Antagonize the Developmental Toxicity of Ethanol In Vitro

Table 1

Effects of exogenous nucleotides on growth and morphology development of mouse embryos exposed to ethanol in vitro.

Parameters	Normal control	Ethanol control	Concentration of nucleotides (mg/L)
			0.16	0.80	4.00	20.00	100.00
CRL	3.63±0.67	3.09±0.75^∗	3.65±0.51^£	4.35±0.60^£	4.08±0.59^£	3.64±0.45^£	3.57±0.54^£
HL	1.98±0.48	1.56±0.41^∗	1.79±0.28	2.18±0.34^£	1.99±0.43^£	1.92±0.31^£	1.73±0.40
Flextion	4.94±0.25	3.62±0.87^∗	4.59±0.51^£	4.83±0.39^£	4.87±0.52^£	4.73±0.47^£	4.58±0.79
Heart	3.75±0.45	2.46±0.52^∗	2.53±0.51	3.13±0.68	3.33±0.72^£	2.86±0.78	2.83±0.39
Tail neural tube	5.00±0.00	1.85±0.38^∗	4.24±0.97^£	5.00±0.00^£	5.00±0.00^£	4.46±0.93^£	4.33±0.98^£
Hind brain	4.88±0.34	2.50±0.91^∗	3.24±0.90	4.58±0.51^£	4.33±0.82^£	4.00±0.63^∗£	3.54±0.96
Midbrain	4.81±0.40	2.04±0.95^∗	3.59±0.94^∗£	4.33±0.89^£	4.27±0.88^£	4.00±0.77^£	2.92±0.90
Fore brain	6.00±0.00	1.92±0.76^∗	3.18±0.98^∗£	4.50±0.90^∗£	4.40±0.91^∗£	4.27±0.90^∗£	3.17±0.96^∗£
Auditory system	4.84±0.35	2.35±0.66^∗	3.35±0.99	4.17±0.72^£	4.21±0.69^£	3.91±0.70^∗£	2.67±0.89
Visual system	4.88±0.34	3.08±0.95^∗	4.00±0.87	4.83±0.39^£	4.70±0.46^£	4.45±0.93^£	4.17±0.83
Olfactory system	1.88±0.34	0.85±0.38^∗	0.94±0.24	1.42±0.51	1.79±0.72^£	1.09±0.83	0.88±0.68
Branchial arch	4.00±0.00	2.92±0.86^∗	3.41±0.62	3.92±0.29^£	3.40±0.63^£	3.36±0.50	3.33±0.65
Forelimb bud	2.72±0.36	2.08±0.40^∗	2.50±0.47	2.92±0.19^£	2.73±0.42^£	2.27±0.52	2.17±0.49
Hindlimb bud	1.75±0.45	0.73±0.63^∗	1.29±0.85	1.58±0.47^£	1.67±0.49^£	1.46±0.69	1.00±0.85

^∗𝑃<0.05 versus normal control, ^£𝑃<0.05 versus ethanol control.