|
| Study (year) | Methods | Target population | Intervention (probiotic strain) | Outcomes | Notes |
|
| Giovannini et al. (2007) [8] | Randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind trial | 187 children aged 2–5 yrs | Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus,
and Lactobacillus casei. 100 mL/day for 12 months | Number of days free from and cumulative number and duration of episodes of asthma and/or rhinitis | Exclusion criteria—cow’s milk or food allergy, lactose intolerance, chronic disease, perinatal respiratory problems, antibiotic use in the preceding 4 wk before starting intervention |
|
| Helin et al. (2002) [9] | Randomized placebo controlled double blind trial | 36 subjects aged 14–36 yrs | Lactobacillus rhamnosus. 4 capsules/day for 5.5 months | Changes in allergic nose, eye, lung, and total symptom scores | Exclusion criteria—other pollen allergies, smoking, pregnancy and lactation, use of immunotherapy or long-term medication or antibiotics and probiotic products |
|
| Tamura et al. (2007) [10] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 120 subjects aged 39.3 ± 8.0 years (probiotic) and 39.5 ± 10 (placebo) | Lactobacilluscasei shirota. 80 mL/day for 8 weeks | Change in symptom medication score (SMS) | Exclusion criteria—use of antihistamines or antiallergic medication, upper respiratory tract infection or polyp, asthma, severe chronic systemic disorder, hyposensitization therapy, cow’s milk allergy, drinking dairy products containing lactic acid bacteria |
|
| Peng and Hsu (2005) [11] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 90 subjects
aged 16.07 ± 2.11 yrs (live probiotic), 14.50 ± 1.78 (heat-killed probiotic), 16.60 ± 2.02 (placebo) | Lactobacillus paracasei. 2 capsules/day for 30 days | Change in modified pediatric rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life score | Exclusion criteria—steroid treatment, neuropsychiatric disease or congenital immunodeficiency, probiotic allergy |
|
| Wang et al. (2004) [12] | Randomized placebo controlled double blind trial | 80 children aged 15.87 ± 1.53 yrs (probiotic) and 14.00 ± 1.90 (placebo) | Lactobacillus
paracasei-33. 200–400 mL/day for 30 days | Change in modified pediatric rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life score | Exclusion criteria—pregnancy, steroid treatment, smoking, neuropsychiatric disease or congenital immunodeficiency or cow’s milk allergy |
|
| Wheeler et al. (1997) [13] | Randomized crossover design | 15 adult patients aged 13 to 45 years | Lactobacillus
acidophilus,
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus, and
Streptococcus thermophilus. 450 g/day for 2 months | Immune and clinical parameters including pulmonary function tests and quality of life assessments | Exclusion criteria—smoking history, on antibiotics, receiving immunotherapy |
|
| Xiao et al. (2006a) [14] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 40 adult subjects aged 23–61 yrs (probiotic) and 24–55 yrs (placebo) | Bifidobacterium longum536 (BB536). 200 g/day for 14 weeks | Effect on subjective symptoms score | Exclusion criteria—subjects with extreme severe symptom of JCPsis |
|
| Xiao et al. (2006b) [15] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 44 adult subjects aged 22 to 48 yrs (placebo) and 26 to 57 yrs (probiotic) | BB536 powder twice daily for 13 weeks | Effect on subjective symptom scores | Exclusion criteria—subjects with extreme severe symptom of JCPsis
|
|
| Xiao et al. (2007) [16] | Randomized crossover design | 24 adult subjects aged 41.0 ± 8 yrs (group-A) and 37.6 ± 7 yrs (group-B) | BB536 powder
twice a day for 8 weeks | Effect on symptom and medication score | No exclusion criteria stated |
|
| Ishida et al. (2005) [17] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 49 adult subjects aged 34.0 ± 3.4 yrs (intervention)
and 36.9 ± 3.0 yrs (placebo) | Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92. 100 mL/day for 8 weeks | Change in SMS (both nasal and ocular) values | No exclusion criteria stated |
|
| Chen et al. (2010) [18] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 109 children aged 6–12 years | Lactobacillus salivarius 4 × 109 colony forming units/g/day as a powder mixed with food or water for 12 weeks | The scoring allergic rhinitis index (specific symptoms scores and SMS and blood parameters | Those treated with immunotherapy and those with recurrent respiratory tract and infectious diseases were excluded |
|
| Lin et al. (2013) [19] | Randomized placebo controlled, double blind trial | 105 children aged 6–12 years | Lactobacillus gasseri A5 capsule (2 × 109 cells/capsule) twice a day for 2 months | Peak expiratory flow rates, symptoms of asthma, and AR scores of the patients, immunological parameters | Those treated with immunotherapy, corticosteroids, and inhaled b2-agonists, anatomical abnormality of the upper respiratory tract and congenital cardiovascular diseases were excluded |
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