In Vitro Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tooth Tissue Engineering
Figure 9
(a) Representative confocal laser microscopy images of hABMSCs cultured for 7 days in static conditions (A) or LIPUS induction at 20% duty cycle (B) or 50% duty cycle (C) after the addition of differentiation media: cell nuclei (blue), actin filaments (red), vinculin (green), and merged images of the fluorescence stains. Confocal laser microscopy images showed more intense observation in the LIPUS group compared to the control group. (b) Representative confocal laser microscopy images of hABMSCs cultured for 7 days in static conditions (A) or LIPUS induction at 20% duty cycle (B), or 50% duty cycle (C) after the addition of differentiation media: cell nuclei (blue), actin filaments (red), osteocalcin (green), and merged images of the fluorescence stains. Confocal laser microscopy images showed more intense observation in the LIPUS group compared to the control group. (c) Brightness level of vinculin (A) and osteocalcin (B) in florescence cell image treated by LIPUS induction.
