Differences in Trunk Kinematic between Frail and Nonfrail Elderly Persons during Turn Transition Based on a Smartphone Inertial Sensor

Table 2

Acceleration-based values from the turning transition (𝑛=30).

	Mean		SD
	Frail (𝑛=14)	Healthy (𝑛=16)	Frail (𝑛=14)	Healthy (𝑛=16)	𝑈	P value
𝑡.stopwatch (s)	5.329	2.815	1.344	2.069	2.000	<0.001
𝑥.acc.min (m/s^2)	−2.053	−5.779	0.962	2.433	41.00	0.003
𝑦.acc.max (m/s^2)	2.060	7.543	0.700	2.865	26.50	<0.001
𝑦.acc.min (m/s^2)	−2.004	−9.448	0.945	6.937	14.00	<0.001
𝑧.acc.min (m/s^2)	−1.815	−7.204	1.619	2.438	35.00	<0.001
𝑧.acc.mean (m/s^2)	−0.264	−2.903	1.553	1.331	36.00	0.002
rv.acc.max (m/s^2)	3.634	11.985	1.165	6.523	41.00	0.003
rv.acc.min (m/s^2)	0.621	1.403	0.672	0.980	38.00	0.002
rv.acc.mean (m/s^2)	1.916	4.995	0.717	1.046	45.00	0.005

𝑥: 𝑥-axis; 𝑦: 𝑦-axis; 𝑧: 𝑧-axis; acc: acceleration; t: time; max: maximum; min: minimum; rv: resultant vector; 𝑈: 𝑈-Mann-Whitney.