Electrogastrography in Adults and Children: The Strength, Pitfalls, and Clinical Significance of the Cutaneous Recording of the Gastric Electrical Activity

Table 1

Some maps of electrodes in the EGG recording.

Authors	Stomach position	Electrode position	Coordinates	Notes
Mintchev et al.; [21]	Cutaneous reference points	Proximal electrode	5 cm to the left of the xiphoid process on the costal margin	Commonly used
		A row of 4 electrodes; (3 cm apart)	Between the first electrode and the junction of the mid-clavicular line with the right costal margin
Patterson et al.; [22]	Cutaneous reference points	One electrodes	Between the umbilicus and the xyphoid process	Alternative ones
		Second electrode	Left side of the abdomen, one-third of the distance from the ventral mid-line to the left axial mid-line, 1 cm below the lowest rib
Koch and Stern; [23]	Sonography	2 electrodes	Surface overlying the antropyloric axis calculated by ultrasonography	Best signal to noise ratio
		The reference electrode	Placed to form an equilateral triangle
Mirizzi and Scafoglieri [24]	X-Ray/sonography	A daisy-chain of 6 electrodes; (3 bipolar channels)	Surface overlying the antro-pyloric axis calculated by ultrasonography/X-ray for at least one channel	Best signal to noise ratio
Chen et al. [25]	Cutaneous reference points	Five electrodes	The main electrode located 2 cm above the mid-point between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus.; Three more electrodes were located on an upper 45 deg angle, with an additional electrode located 4 cm to the right of the central electrode.; Reference electrode on the right lower quadrant	Designed to pick-up propagation