The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China
Table 1
Characteristics of demographic and history of drug use.
Variables
Tramadol () n (%)
Heroin () n (%)
MA# () n (%)
Healthy men () n (%)
Age (years)
1.148
0.267
Range
(18–34)
(18–61)
(20–56)
(19–29)
Education
Junior high school
9 (39.1)
28 (32.9)
19 (31.7)
16 (32.0)
1.941
0.115
Senior high school and above
14 (60.9)
57 (67.1)
41 (68.3)
34 (68.0)
Marital status
Single
15 (65.2)
56 (65.9)
31 (51.7)
43 (86.0)
1.252
0.207
Others*
8 (34.8)
29 (34.1)
29 (48.3)
7 (14.0)
Ethnicity
Han ethnicity
21 (91.3)
70 (82.4)
59 (98.3)
49 (98.0)
1.094
0.236
Others
2 (8.7)
15 (17.6)
1 (1.7)
1 (2.0)
Occupation
Unemployed▼
7 (30.4)
31 (36.5)
19 (31.7)
30 (60.0)
0.289
0.591#
Employed
16 (69.6)
54 (63.5)
41 (68.3)
20 (40.0)
Including students.
*Including married, divorced, and others.
#Methamphetamine.
