The Investigation of Tramadol Dependence with No History of Substance Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Spontaneously Reported Cases in Guangzhou City, China

Table 3

Comparison of scores of ARCI scales across groups.

	Comparison	Mean value of difference	95% CI	𝑃
Tramadol	MBG versus PCAG	2.43**	0.69, 4.18	0.007
	MBG versus LSD	2.30*	0.56, 4.05	0.010
	PCAG versus LSD	−0.13	−1.87, 1.61	0.882
MBG	Tramadol versus heroin	−0.27	−1.91, 1.37	0.745
	Tramadol versus MA	0.87	0.92, −0.97	0.348
	Tramadol versus healthy	2.58**	0.88, 4.28	0.004
PCAG	Tramadol versus heroin	−2.18**	−3.69, −0.68	0.005
	Tramadol versus MA	−0.19	−1.77, 1.38	0.807
	Tramadol versus healthy	2.02*	0.47, 3.57	0.012
LSD	Tramadol versus heroin	−0.58	−1.79, 0.62	0.334
	Tramadol versus MA	−2.14	−1.47, 1.04	0.733
	Tramadol versus healthy	1.50*	0.25, 2.75	0.020

LSD test, *𝑃<0.05, and **𝑃<0.01.