Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles at the Air-Liquid Interface

Table 2

Cellular response to nanoparticles dosed in suspension and at the ALI (median and 25th and 75th percentiles of three replicate wells for each condition, except where noted). Doses are presented per unit cell growth area, and responses are presented as percent control (ALI control is filtered air) to compare across several different experiments.

Material	Exposure	Dose; (μg cm^−2)	MTT; (% control); Median (25th, 75th)	LDH leakage; (% control); Median (25th, 75th)	IL-8; (% control); Median (25th, 75th)
Silver	Suspension	2.6	94 (86, 97)	97 (95, 99)^a	96 (94, 100)
		6.6	88 (83, 94)	95 (94, 98)^a	98 (96, 102)
		13.2	80 (77, 85)*	92 (91, 96)^a	112 (105, 122)
	ALI	0.7 (0.6, 0.7)	110 (66, 185)	96 (91, 265)^a	136 (19, 389)
Nickel oxide	Suspension	2.6	93 (80, 97)	101 (99, 103)	—
		6.6	88 (76, 91)*	105 (102, 106)	105 (77, 117)
		13.2	83 (79, 86)*	107 (106, 109)*	87 (58, 89)
	ALI	2.1 (1.8, 2.2)	32 (14,76)	180 (160,324)*	15 (14, 44)*

*Statistically significant at a 𝑃 value of 0.05. ^aValues may be artificially low as silver nanoparticles were found to prevent the measurement of LDH protein.