BioMed Research International

Research Article

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Tunisian Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Peel and Juice and Determination of Their Antioxidant Activities

Table 1

Essential oil composition of Citrus aurantium peel and juice^A.


Volatile compounds	RI^a	RI^b	Peel	Juice	Identification

α-thujene	928	1035	—	1.03 ± 0.04^a	IR. SM. Co-CG
Tricyclen	930	1015	—	0.68 ± 0.18^a	IR. Co-CG. SM
α-Pinene	939	1032	0.55 ± 0.06^a	0.55 ± 0.01^a	IR. Co-CG. SM
β-Pinene	980	1118	0.44 ± 0.04^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
Sabinene	975	1132	0.48 ± 0.16^a	—	CG-SM
Myrcene	991	1174	0.04 ± 0.00^b	0.68 ± 0.16^a	IR. SM. Co-CG
α-Phellandrene	1006	1176	—	1.84 ± 0.04^a	CG-SM
α-Terpinene	1018	1188	1.10 ± 0.27^a	—	IR. CG-SM
Limonene	1030	1203	90.25 ± 0.81 ^a	91.61 ± 0.97 ^a	IR. SM. Co-CG
1-8 Cineole	1033	1213	0.87 ± 0.06^a	0.31 ± 0.04^b	IR. SM. Co-CG
E-β-Ocimene	1050	1266	0.36 ± 0.00^a	—	IR. CG-SM
Terpinolene	1088	1290	0.28 ± 0.01^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
Cis-linalool oxide	1074	1478	0.23 ± 0.03^a	0.49 ± 0.23^a	CG-SM
Trans-linalool oxide	1088	1450	0.13 ± 0.01^b	0.21 ± 0.01^a	CG-SM
Linalool	1098	1553	1.56 ± 0.08^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
Linalyl acetate	1257	1556	0.29 ± 0.02^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
Bornyl acetate	1270	1590	0.14 ± 0.05^a	—	CG-SM
Terpinene-4-ol	1419	1612	0.06 ± 0.01^a	—	CG-SM
β-Caryophyllene	1178	1611	0.05 ± 0.01^a	—	CG-SM
γ-Elemene	1492	1623	0.05 ± 0.00^a	—	CG-SM
Neral	1240	1694	0.13 ± 0.00^a	—	CG-SM
β-Farnesene	1456	1696	0.15 ± 0.15^a	—	CG-SM
α-Terpineol	1189	1709	0.56 ± 0.03^a	0.38 ± 0.08^b	IR. SM. Co-CG
Neryl acetate	1385	1733	0.23 ± 0.03^b	0.36 ± 0.06^a	IR. SM. Co-CG
Δ-Cadinene	1523	1755	0.28 ± 0.02^a	—	CG-SM
Geranyl acetate	1383	1765	0.11 ± 0.00^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
Nerol	1228	1797	0.08 ± 0.00^a	—	CG-SM
Geraniol	1255	1857	0.16 ± 0.01^a	—	IR. SM. Co-CG
E-Nerolidol	1566	2030	0.35 ± 0.04^a	—	CG-SM
Oxyde de caryophyllène	1581	2008	—	1.42 ± 0.51^a	IR. CG-SM
E.Z farnesyl acetate	1818	2198	0.57 ± 0.02^a	—	CG-SM
NI			0.52 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.05

^AValues are given as mean ± SD (). Values followed by the same letter did not share significant differences at (Duncan’s test). —: not detected.
^bComponents are listed in order of elution in apolar column (HP-5).
^cRI^a, RI^b: retention indices calculated using, respectively, an apolar column (HP-5) and polar column (HP INNOWax). Volatile compound proportions were calculated from the chromatograms obtained on the HP INNOWax column.