Effects of Flavonoids on Rumen Fermentation Activity, Methane Production, and Microbial Population

Table 7

Effect of flavonoids on different rumen microbial population.

Items	Treatments								SEM
	Ctrl	F	M	N	C	R	Q	K
General bacteria × 10^14 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	6.5^a	3.7^b	3.5^b	5.4^a	5.3^a	4.9^ab	5.3^a	3.4^b	1.22
General fungi × 10^5 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	3.7^a	2.1^b	2.1^b	3.2^a	2.6^ab	2.9^ab	3.4^a	2.3^b	0.36
Total protozoa × 10^6 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	3.8^a	1.1^c	1.9^b	1.9^b	2.1^b	2.6^ab	2.3^b	1.5^bc	0.31
Total methanogens × 10^7 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	1.7^a	1.0^b	0.7^b	0.6^b	1.1^ab	1.3^a	0.9^b	1.1^ab	0.22
Fibrobacter succinogenes × 10^6 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	3.5^a	1.4^c	1.6^bc	3.2^a	2.7^ab	2.5^b	3.1^a	1.4^c	0.26
Ruminococcus albus × 10^5 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	2.4^a	1.5^bc	1.8^b	2.3^a	2.0^ab	1.8^b	2.4^a	1.5^bc	0.18
Ruminococcus flavefaciens × 10^5 copies/mL of rumen fluid
	5.1^a	3.7^b	3.2^bc	5.2^a	4.2^b	4.3^ab	4.9^a	3.1^c	0.28

Ctrl: control F: flavone, M: myricetin, N: naringin, C: catechin, R: rutin, Q: quercetin, and K: kaempferol.
Means within the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (𝑃<0.05).