Preserved Transcallosal Inhibition to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Nondemented Elderly Patients with Leukoaraiosis

Table 1

Clinicodemographic characteristics and neuropsychological test scores of patients and controls.

	Patients	Controls	P value
Age (years)	71.40 ± 5.53	68.67 ± 3.62	NS
Gender (males/females)	9/6	9/6	NS
Educational level	7.93 ± 4.72	8.93 ± 4.83	NS
Hypertension	13 (86.67%)	10 (66.67%)	NS
Atrial fibrillation	2 (13.33%)	0 (0%)	NS
Coronaropathy	2 (13.33%)	0 (0%)	NS
Hypercholesterolemia	9 (60%)	5 (33.33%)	NS
Diabetes	8 (53.33%)	3 (20%)	NS
Smoking habit	8 (53.33%)	5 (33.30%)	NS
Neurological signs	9 (60%)	0 (0%)	<0.01
MMSE	27.00 ± 1.80	28.20 ± 1.73	NS
ADL	5.93 ± 0.25	6.00 ± 0	NS
IADL	7.60 ± 1.055	7.86 ± 0.35	NS
Stroop 𝑇	44.68 ± 16.98	27.72 ± 9.87	<0.01
Stroop 𝐸	3.74 ± 3.62	1.58 ± 2.03	0.02
FAB	13.64 ± 2.63	16.62 ± 1.61	<0.01
HDRS	5.40 ± 2.72	4.16 ± 2.32	NS
Apathy scale	0.58 ± 0.49	0.38 ± 0.34	NS

Age, education level, and neuropsychological test scores are expressed as mean ± SD.
MMSE: mini-mental state examination; ADL: activity of daily living; IADL: instrumental activity of daily living; Stroop 𝑇: stroop color-word test interference (time, sec); Stroop 𝐸: stroop color-word test interference (number of errors); FAB: frontal assessment battery; HDRS: the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale. Statistically significant differences for P values are in bold.