About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents 
BioMed Research International
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 373569, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/373569
Clinical Study

A Sensitive Chemotaxis Assay Using a Novel Microfluidic Device

Chen Zhang,1,2 Sunyoung Jang,1 Ovid C. Amadi,3,4 Koichi Shimizu,3 Richard T. Lee,3 and Richard N. Mitchell1

1Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
3Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
4Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA

Received 30 April 2013; Accepted 18 July 2013

Academic Editor: Koichiro Wada

Copyright © 2013 Chen Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

  1. P. Friedl and B. Weigelin, “Interstitial leukocyte migration and immune function,” Nature Immunology, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 960–969, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  2. M. O'Hayre, C. L. Salanga, T. M. Handel, and S. J. Allen, “Chemokines and cancer: migration, intracellular signalling and intercellular communication in the microenvironment,” Biochemical Journal, vol. 409, no. 3, pp. 635–649, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  3. J. T. Price and E. W. Thompson, “Mechanisms of tumour invasion and metastasis: emerging targets for therapy,” Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 217–233, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  4. A. H. Sprague and R. A. Khalil, “Inflammatory cytokines in vascular dysfunction and vascular disease,” Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 78, no. 6, pp. 539–552, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  5. J. Yang and R. A. Weinberg, “Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: at the crossroads of development and tumor metastasis,” Developmental Cell, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 818–829, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  6. J. C. Yarrow, Z. E. Perlman, N. J. Westwood, and T. J. Mitchison, “A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparison of image-based readout methods,” BMC Biotechnology, vol. 4, article 21, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  7. D. J. Sieg, C. R. Hauck, D. Ilic et al., “FAK integrates growth-factor and integrin signals to promote cell migration,” Nature Cell Biology, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 249–256, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  8. Z. Yu, N. E. Willmarth, J. Zhou et al., “microRNA 17/20 inhibits cellular invasion and tumor metastasis in breast cancer by heterotypic signaling,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 18, pp. 8231–8236, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  9. S. Boyden, “The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leucocytes,” The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 115, pp. 453–466, 1962. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  10. R. C. Savani, C. Wang, B. Yang et al., “Migration of bovine aortic smooth muscle cells after wounding injury. The role of hyaluronan and RHAMM,” Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 1158–1168, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  11. S. Toetsch, P. Olwell, A. Prina-Mello, and Y. Volkov, “The evolution of chemotaxis assays from static models to physiologically relevant platforms,” Integrative Biology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 170–181, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  12. J. Atencia, G. A. Cooksey, and L. E. Locascio, “A robust diffusion-based gradient generator for dynamic cell assays,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 309–316, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  13. S.-Y. Cheng, S. Heilman, M. Wasserman, S. Archer, M. L. Shuler, and M. Wu, “A hydrogel-based microfluidic device for the studies of directed cell migration,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 763–769, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  14. B. G. Chung, A. Manbachi, W. Saadi, F. Lin, N. L. Jeon, and A. Khademhosseini, “A gradient-generating microfluidic device for cell biology,” Journal of Visualized Experiments, no. 7, article e271, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  15. U. Haessler, Y. Kalinin, M. A. Swartz, and M. Wu, “An agarose-based microfluidic platform with a gradient buffer for 3D chemotaxis studies,” Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 827–835, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  16. A. Shamloo, N. Ma, M.-M. Poo, L. L. Sohn, and S. C. Heilshorn, “Endothelial cell polarization and chemotaxis in a microfluidic device,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1292–1299, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  17. O. C. Amadi, M. L. Steinhauser, Y. Nishi et al., “A low resistance microfluidic system for the creation of stable concentration gradients in a defined 3D microenvironment,” Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1027–1041, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  18. P. J. Mack, Y. Zhang, S. Chung, V. Vickerman, R. D. Kamm, and G. García-Cardeña, “Biomechanical regulation of endothelium-dependent events critical for adaptive remodeling,” Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 284, no. 13, pp. 8412–8420, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  19. S. Chung, R. Sudo, P. J. MacK, C.-R. Wan, V. Vickerman, and R. D. Kamm, “Cell migration into scaffolds under co-culture conditions in a microfluidic platform,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 269–275, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  20. V. Vickerman, J. Blundo, S. Chung, and R. Kamm, “Design, fabrication and implementation of a novel multi-parameter control microfluidic platform for three-dimensional cell culture and real-time imaging,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1468–1477, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  21. V. V. Abhyankar, M. W. Toepke, C. L. Cortesio, M. A. Lokuta, A. Huttenlocher, and D. J. Beebe, “A platform for assessing chemotactic migration within a spatiotemporally defined 3D microenvironment,” Lab on a Chip, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1507–1515, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
  22. J. S. Garanich, M. Pahakis, and J. M. Tarbell, “Shear stress inhibits smooth muscle cell migration via nitric oxide-mediated downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity,” American Journal of Physiology—Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol. 288, no. 5, pp. H2244–H2252, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus