Acoustic Droplet Vaporization in Biology and Medicine

Figure 3

Plot of the radius of an expanding bubble as a function of time and acoustic frequency. A 125 nm radius droplet of perfluorohexane in water was subjected to a 500 kHz pressure wave with an amplitude of 110 kPa. The temperature was 25°C, and the interfacial tension was 3.5 mN/m. The plot was adapted from [8]. Each droplet expansion starts at a different time, because at lower frequencies, longer time is required before the pressure cycle drops low enough to cause the liquid to expand to gas.