BioMed Research International / 2013 / Article / Tab 4 / Research Article
Enhancement of Oxygen Mass Transfer and Gas Holdup Using Palm Oil in Stirred Tank Bioreactors with Xanthan Solutions as Simulated Viscous Fermentation Broths Table 4 The empirical constants for
by (
11 ) reported in the literature and in the current study.
Reference Liquid system Constant χ Constant λ Constant ω Type of impeller
Average relative error (%) Valid for
(kW/m3 ) [21 ] Water — 0.25 0.75 Flat blade turbine NA NA NA [22 ] Na2 SO4 — 0.4903 0.5788 Rushton turbine NA 9.3 NA [23 ] Tap water — 0.478 0.4910 Disc turbine-pitched blade 0.98 NA NA [23 ] Tap water — 0.4244 0.6904 Rushton turbine 0.98 NA NA Current study Xanthan gum solution with 0% palm oil fraction 0.0080 0.2385 0.2180 Rushton turbine 0.74 14.47 0.141–1.11 Xanthan gum solution with 5% palm oil fraction 0.0061 0.3501 0.1435 Rushton turbine 0.90 12.15 0.094–0.89 Xanthan gum solution with 10% palm oil fraction 0.0065 0.3528 0.1626 Rushton turbine 0.93 10.87 0.079–0.89 Xanthan gum solution with 15% palm oil fraction 0.0161 0.2507 0.0773 Rushton turbine 0.98 3.27 0.058–0.83 Xanthan gum solution with 20% palm oil fraction 0.0119 0.2558 0.1395 Rushton turbine 0.96 5.99 0.039–0.72 Xanthan gum solution with 50% palm oil fraction 0.0178 0.1890 0.1690 Rushton turbine 0.84 12.06 0.031–0.64