The Effects of Bariatric Procedures versus Medical Therapy for Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Table 4

Summary of the effect of meta-analysis.

Outcomes	Comparison		Effect estimate
			𝑃 value	MD/SMD/RR	95% CI
Glycated hemoglobin	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	<0.00001	−0.97	−1.34, −0.60
	Gastric banding		<0.0001	−1.13	−1.68, −0.58
	Gastrectomy		<0.0001	−0.89	−1.32, −0.46
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		<0.00001	−3.46	−4.52, −2.41
Fasting plasma glucose	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	0.004	−23.44	−39.59, −7.29
	Gastric banding		0.001	−32.80	−52.76, 12.84
	Biliopancreatic diversion		<0.00001	−41.86	−48.98, −34.74
Remission of diabetes	Bariatric surgery	Medical; therapy	0.02	9.76	1.36, 69.66
Subjects with no diabetes medicines	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	0.003	63	3.99, 995.29
	Gastric banding		0.0002	6	2.37, 15.20
	Gastrectomy		0.009	40.35	2.53, 643.98
Serious adverse events	Bariatric surgery	Medical; therapy	0.34	1.23	0.80, 1.87
Body weight	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	<0.00001	−26.02	−30.47, −21.58
	Gastric banding		<0.00001	−19.60	−23.83, −15.37
	Gastrectomy		<0.00001	−19.70	−23.11, −16.29
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		<0.00001	−29.08	−34.52, −23.64
Waist circumference	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	<0.00001	−15.11	−17.65, −12.58
	Gastric banding		<0.00001	−13.90	−18.95, −8.85
	Gastrectomy		<0.00001	−13.90	−16.91, −10.89
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		<0.00001	−13.01	−16.07, −12.65
High-density lipoprotein	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	<0.00001	20.89	14.31, 27.47
	Gastric banding		<0.00001	10.00	5.87, 14.13
	Gastrectomy		0.008	17.10	7.13, 27.07
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		0.16	6.95	−2.78, 16.68
Triglycerides	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	0.77	−2.89	−22.00, 16.22
	Gastric banding		0.01	−69.60	−124.07, −15.13
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		<0.00001	−38.51	−41.09, −25.96
Systolic blood pressure	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	0.46	1.82	−3.00, 6.64
	Gastric banding		0.30	−4.30	−12.48, 3.88
	Gastrectomy		0.72	−1.20	−7.75, 5.35
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		0.41	−3.40	−11.57, 4.77
Cholesterol total	Gastric bypass	Medical; therapy	0.37	0.16	−0.19, 0.51
	Gastric banding		0.72	0.09	−0.41, 0.60
	Gastrectomy		0.37	0.19	−0.22, 0.60
	Biliopancreatic; diversion		<0.00001	−2.75	−3.67, −1.82

SMD (standardized mean difference) was used when continuous outcomes was the same scale; MD (mean difference) was recommended when continuous outcomes was different scale; RR (risk ratio) was applied for dichotomous outcomes; CI (confidence interval).