Review Article
Development of Composite Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Segmental Bone Defects
Table 5
Significant physical properties of several of the most common bioceramics used as biomaterials [
70].
| Material | Density (g/cm3) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Compressive strength (MPa) | Modulus (GPa) | Fracture toughness (MPa m1/2) | Hardness (Knoop) | Mass fraction α (ppm/°C) | Fracture surface energy (J/m2) | Poisson's ratio | Thermal conductivity (Wm−1K−1) |
| Hydroxyapatite | 3.1 | 40–300 | 300–900 | 80–120 | 0.6–1.0 | 400–4500 | 11 | 2.3–20 | 0.28 | N/A | Tricalcium phosphate | 3.14 | 40–120 | 450–650 | 90–120 | 1.2 | N/A | 14-15 | 6.3–8.1 | N/A | N/A | Bioglasses | 1.8–2.9 | 20–350 | 800–1200 | 40–140 | ~2 | 4000–5000 | 0–14 | 14–50 | 0.21–0.24 | 1.5–3.6 | Wollastonite glass ceramic | 3.07 | 215 | 1080 | 118 | 2 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
SiO2 glass | 2.2 | 70–120 | N/A | ~70 | 0.7–0.8 | 7000–7500 | 0.6 | 3.5–4.6 | 0.17 | 1.5 |
Al2O3 | 3.85–3.99 | 270–500 | 3000–5000 | 380–410 |
3–6 | 15000–20000 | 6–9 | 7.6–30 | 0.27 | 30 | Zirconia ceramics | 5.6–5.89 | 500–650 | 1850 | 195–210 |
5–8 | ~17000 | 9.8 | 160–350 | 0.27 | 4.11 |
Si3N4 | 3.18 | 600–850 | 500–2500 | 300–320 | 3.5–8.0 | ~22000 | 3.2 | 20–100 | 0.27 |
10–25 | Silicon carbide | 3.10–3.21 | 250–600 | ~650 | 350–450 |
3–6 | ~27000 | 4.3–5.5 | 22–40 | 0.24 | 100–150 | Graphite | 1.5–2.25 | 5.6–25 | 35–80 | 3.5–12 | 1.9–3.5 | N/A | 1–3 | ~500 | 0.3 | 120–180 | Multiceramics | 1.5–2.2 | 200–700 | 330–360 | 25–40 | N/A | N/A | 1–10 | N/A | 0.3 | 2.5–420 | Carbon fiber | 1.5–1.8 | 400–5000 | 330–360 | 200–700 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Glassy carbon | 1.4–1.6 | 150–250 | ~690 | 25–40 | N/A | 8200 | 2.2–3.2 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
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