Schematic of the locations of three intracortical (MCR, right motor cortex; MCL, left motor cortex; PCR, right parietal cortex), one intramuscular (TML, left temporal muscle), one reference (REF), and one ground (GND) electrodes (blue circles) with respect to the rat skull (B = bregma), to the tetanus toxin injection sites (three small yellow circles) and to the application site (large red circle) of cobalt chloride and polycaprolactone implants loaded with valproate or sodium chloride.