BioMed Research International / 2013 / Article / Tab 3 / Review Article
Immunoregulation by Taenia crassiceps and Its Antigens Table 3 Helminth regulation of rheumatoid arthritis.
Helminth involved Autoimmune model Incidence Clinical score¶ Histopathology Humoral immunity Cytokines Leukocytes Ref. T. crassiceps CFA monoarthritis 100% 2/4 Similar damage in the infected group High IgG1 and IgG2a Low IFN-γ and IL-4 AAMs [65 ] S.
DBA.1 mice 60% ≈ 3/9Ameliorated sinovial hyperplasia, mononuclear cell infiltration, and angiogenesis Low IgG2a; high IgG1 High IL-4/10; low IL-1
/6 TNF-α , IFN-γ Th2 cells, Tregs [66 ] S. oblevata CFA monoarthritis 21% 1.45/4 N.S. N.S. N.S. N.S. [67 ] S. mansoni DBA.1 mice 0% 0/6 N.S. Low IgG1 and IgG2a High IL-4/10; low IFN-γ Tregs [68 ] S.
DBA.1 N.S. ≈ 1/9No synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltrate, or bon/cartilage destruction Low IgG2a High IL-4/10 RANKL; low IL-17-α , IFN-γ , TNF-α No Tregs [69 ] H. diminuta CFA monoarthritis N.S. N.S. Any knee swelling N.S. High IL-4/10; low TNF-α , IL-12p40 AAMs, Th2 and B2 cells, less granulocyte infiltration [70 ]
CFA: complete Freund’s adjuvant; *two-week preinfected mice; **seven-week preinfected mice; N.S.: not specified. ¶ see original references, as disease severity is differentially evaluated between models.