In Systemic Sclerosis, Anxiety and Depression Assessed by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale Are Independently Associated with Disability and Psychological Factors

Table 2

Correlations of HADS-D and HADS-A with psychological and physical variables.

	HADS-D		HADS-A
	𝑃 value	𝑟	𝑃 value	𝑟
Age (years)	NS	—	NS	—
Disease duration (years)	NS	—	NS	—
RSES	<0.001	−0.555	<0.001	−0.483
COPE NIV SS subscale	NS	—	<0.05	0.291
COPE NIV AS subscale	0.001	0.304	<0.001	0.494
COPE NIV PA subscale	NS	—	NS	—
COPE NIV PS subscale	NS	—	NS	—
COPE NIV TO subscale	NS	—	NS	—
COPE NIV total score	NS	—	0.01	−0.243
HAMIS right	0.01	0.228	NS	—
HAMIS left	<0.05	0.213	NS	—
HAMIS mean	0.01	0.223	NS	—
CHFDS	<0.001	0.338	<0.05	0.199
Right hand opening	NS	—	NS	—
Left hand opening	NS	—	NS	—
Right fist closure	NS	—	NS	—
Left fist closure	NS	—	NS	—
MHISS mouth opening	<0.001	0.390	<0.001	0.328
MHISS Sicca syndrome	<0.001	0.418	0.001	0.292
MHISS aesthetic concerns	<0.001	0.317	<0.05	0.259
MHISS tot	<0.001	0.482	<0.001	0.365
Mouth opening	0.01	−0.228	NS	—
HAQ	<0.001	0.406	0.001	0.310
FACIT	<0.001	0.616	<0.001	0.440

Legend: values are presented as mean ± SD; SSc: systemic sclerosis; NS: not significant; 𝑃 and 𝑟 values are presented as Pearson’s correlation.
HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; RSES: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; COPE NIV: Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced-New Italian Version (SS: social support subscale; AS: avoidance strategies subscale; PA: positive attitude subscale; PS: problem solving subscale; TO: transcendent orientation subscale); HAMIS: Hand Mobility In Scleroderma Test; CHFDS: Cochin Hand Functional Disability Scale; MHISS: Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis Scale; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; FACIT-F: Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale.