Viral and Cellular Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cancer
Figure 1
Flowchart describing the use of several biomarkers in different screening settings for cervical neoplasia. (a) Secondary prevention by means of screening based on cytology in conjunction with p16ink4a/Ki67 testing. Triage of equivocal cytology will take advantage of HPV tests and cellular biomarker-based assays. (b) Secondary prevention by means of screening based on HPV DNA tests. Progressing lesions of HPV-positive women will be identified by viral expression or cellular biomarker testing. (c) Triage of minor cytological cervical lesions and evaluation of recurrence after treatment for cervical precancer lesions with viral and cellular biomarkers. NILM = negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy; ASCUS = atypical cells of undetermined significance; SIL = squamous intraepithelial lesions.
