Improved Succinate Production by Metabolic Engineering
Figure 1
Succinate production pathway from (a) the reductive branch of the TCA cycle. Succinate accumulates derived from phosphoenolpyruvate, via some intermediate, including oxaloacetate, malate, and fumarate. (b) The glyoxylate pathway. The glyoxylate pathway operates as a cycle to convert 2 mol acetyl CoA to 1 mol succinate. (c) The oxidative TCA cycle. This pathway converts acetyl-CoA to citrate, isocitrate, and succinate and subsequently converted to fumarate by succinate dehydrogenase. Under aerobic conditions, the production of succinate is not naturally possible, and to realize succinate accumulation under aerobic condition, inactivation of sdhA gene to block the conversion of succinate to fumarate in TCA cycle is necessary.
