Improved Succinate Production by Metabolic Engineering

Table 1

Comparison of succinate production using different bacteria species in terms of performance and engineering strategies.

			Succinate production
Strains	Engineering strategies	Culture methods	Concentration; (g L^−1)	Productivity; (g L^−1 h^−1)	Yield; (g g^−1)	Biomass	By-product	References
Mannheimia succiniciproducens
LPK7	Deletion of the LDH, PFL, PTA, ACK	Anaerobic, batch	13.4	1.18	0.67	1.5 g L^−1	Pyruvate, malate
		Anaerobic, fed-batch	52.4	1.75	0.76	2.5 g L^−1	Pyruvate, malate	[15]
Escherichia coli
JCL1208 (pCP201)	Overexpressed PEPC	Anaerobic, batch	10.7	0.59	0.29	—	Ethanol, acetate, lactate, formate	[16]
MG1655-pyc	Overexpressed PYC	Anaerobic, batch	1.77	0.177	0.177	0.9 g L^−1	Lactate, formate	[17]
NZN111	Deletion of PFL and LDH.; Overexpressed MAE	Anaerobic, batch	12.8	0.29	0.64	—	Acetate	[18]
AFP111	Glucose transport by ATP-dependent phosphorylation.; Deletion of PFL and LDH	Anaerobic, batch	12.8	—	0.7	0.16 g L^−1	Acetate, ethanol	[19]
		Dual phase aeration, fed-batch	—	1.21	0.96	10 (OD600)	Acetate	[20]
AFP111-pyc	AFP111 with overexpressed PYC	Dual-phase aeration, fed-batch	99.2	1.31	1.1	—	Pyruvate, formate	[21]
SBS110MG	Deletion of LDH, PFL; Overexpressed PYC	Anaerobic, batch	15.6	0.33	0.85	—	Acetate, formate	[22]
SBS550MG (pHL314)	Deletion of ADH, LDH, ICLR, and ACK-PTA; Overexpressed PYC	Anaerobic, fed-batch	40	0.42	1.06	17; (OD600)	Formate,; acetate	[23]
SBS990MG (pHL314)	Deletion of ADHE, LDHA, ACK-PTA; Overexpressed PYC	Anaerobic, batch	15.9	0.64	1.07	9; (OD600)	Formate	[24]
GJT (pHL333, pHL413)	Coexpression of PEPC and pantothenate kinase (PANK)	Anaerobic, batch	2.05	0.085	0.1	—	Lactate	[25]
YBS132 (pHL333, pHL413)	Coexpression of PEPC and PYC; Deletion of LDH and ACK-PKA	Anaerobic, batch	3.4	0.14	0.2	—	Acetate, ethanol	[26]
HL51276k	Mutation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (SDHAB, ICD, ICLR) and acetate pathways (POXB, ACKA-PTA)	Aerobic, batch	4.61	0.06	0.43	—	Pyruvate,; acetate	[27]
HL51276k- pepc	HL51276k with overexpressed PEPC	Aerobic, batch	8	0.14	0.72	—	Pyruvate, acetate	[27]
KJ060	Deletion of  LDH, ADHE, ACKA, FOCA, PFLB.; Glucose transport by ATP-dependent phosphorylation.; PEPC was replaced by the gluconeogenic PEPC	Anaerobic, fed-batch	86.6	0.9	0.92	2.2 g L^−1	Malate,; acetate	[8]
KJ134	Deletion of LDH, ADHE, FOCA-PFLB, MGSA, POXB, TDCDE, CITF, ASPC, SFCA, PTA-ACKA.; Glucose transport by ATP-dependent phosphorylation.; PEPC was replaced by the gluconeogenic PEPC	Anaerobic, fed-batch	71.6	0.75	1	2.3 g L^−1	Acetate,; pyruvate,; malate	[28]
Corynebacterium glutamicum
ΔldhA-pCRA717	Deletion of LDHa.; Overexpressed PYC	Micro-aerobic, fed-batch with membrane for cell recycling	146	3.17	0.92	60 g L^−1	Acetate	[29]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Suc-200	Deletion of ADH1, ADH2 and GPD1.; Overexpressed PCKa, FUMR, FUM, MDH and MAE1	Aerobic, fed-batch	34.5	0.24	—	—	—	[30]
Suc-297	Deletion of ADH1, ADH2 and GPD1; Overexpressed PEPC, NADH-dependent FUMR, FUM, MDH and malic acid transporter protein, PYC	Aerobic, fed-batch	43	0.45	—	—	—	[30]
Kura	Deletion of SDH1 and FUM1	Aerobic, batch	2.32	0.005	0.015	—	Ethanol, malate, lactate	[31]
8D (pRS426T-ICL1-C)	Deletion of SDH and SER3/SER33; Overexpression of ICL1	Aerobic, batch	0.9	0.05 g/g	—	—	—	[32]
AH22ura3 Δsdh2Δsdh1Δidh1Δidp1	Deletion of SDH and IDH	Aerobic, batch	3.62	0.022	0.072	7.0 g L^−1	Ethanol, glycerol, acetate	[33]