Essential Oil of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Jordan: Assessment of Safety in Mammalian Cells and Its Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential

Table 2

Antifungal activity (MIC and MLC) of Salvia officinalis essential oil from Jordan against Candida, dermatophyte, and Aspergillus strains.

Strains	S1		S2		Fluconazole		Amphotericin B
	MIC^a	MLC^a	MIC^a	MLC^a	MIC^b	MLC^b	MIC^b	MLC^b
Candida albicans ATCC 10231	2.5	5	2.5	5	1	>128	N.T.	N.T.
C. tropicalis ATCC 13803	5	5	5	5	4	>128	N.T.	N.T.
C. krusei H9	5	5	2.5	5	64	64–128	N.T.	N.T.
C. guillermondii MAT23	2.5	2.5	1.25–2.5	1.25–2.5	8	8	N.T.	N.T.
C. parapsilosis ATCC 90018	5	10	5	5	<1	<1	N.T.	N.T.
Cryptococcus neoformans CECT 1078	1.25	1.25	0.64–1.25	1.25–2.5	16	128	N.T.	N.T.
Epidermophyton floccosum FF9	0.64	0.64–1.25	0.64–1.25	0.64–1.25	16	16	N.T.	N.T.
Microsporum canis FF1	1.25	2.5	1.25	1.25	128	128	N.T.	N.T.
M. gypseum CECT 2905	1.25–2.5	1.25–2.5	1.25	2.5	128	>128	N.T.	N.T.
Trichophyton mentagrophytes FF7	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	16–32	32–64	N.T.	N.T.
T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale CECT 2958	1.25	2.5	1.25	2.5	128	≥128	N.T.	N.T.
T. rubrum CECT 2794	0.64	1.25	0.64	0.64–1.25	16	64	N.T.	N.T.
T. verrucosum CECT 2992	2.5	2.5	1.25–2.5	2.5	>128	>128	N.T.	N.T.
Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404	5	>20	5	>10	N.T.	N.T.	2	8
A. fumigatus ATCC 46645	2.5–5	>20	5	>10	N.T.	N.T.	2	4
A. flavus F44	10	>20	5	>10	N.T.	N.T.	1-2	4

Results were obtained from 3 independent experiments performed in duplicate.
^aMIC and MLC were determined by a macrodilution method and expressed in μL/mL (V/V).
^bMIC and MLC were determined by a macrodilution method and expressed in μg/mL (W/V).
N.T.: not tested.