Characterization and Dynamic Behavior of Wild Yeast during Spontaneous Wine Fermentation in Steel Tanks and Amphorae

Table 4

Yeasts isolated from the winery environment during the 2008 and 2009 harvest seasons.

Yeast species	Air vineyard		Air cellar		Tank surface		Grape surface*
	2008	2009	2008	2009	2008	2009	2008	2009
Aureobasidium pullulans		+					Gu	Gu
Bulleromyces albus	+	+
Candida zemplinina		+
Cryptococcus magnus		+						Gu
Filobasidium floriforme							Ch	Ch, Pa, Gu
Hanseniaspora uvarum		+			+
Metschnikowia pulcherrima	+		+
Pichia angusta
Pichia anomala	+				+			Co
Pichia kluyveri	+		+
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	+		+			+	Pn	Pa, Gu
Sporidiobolus pararoseus	+	+
Williopsis saturnus								Pa
Zygosaccharomyces florentinus	+		+		+		Ch	Co

*Varieties of grapes and musts: Pinot Noir (Pn); Cornalin (Co); Chardonnay (Ch); Petite Arvine (Pa); Gutedel (Gu).