Chronic Conditions and Receipt of Treatment among Urbanized Rural Residents in China

Table 1

Descriptive statistics by migration and residency status (𝑁=1,278).

	Urban residents	Rural-to-urban migrants	Urbanized rural residents
Chronic health conditions—lifetime
Total number of chronic conditions (1 min, 10 max; mean)^c	0.69 (0.22)	0.23 (0.08)	0.73 (0.08)
At least one chronic condition (%)^c	36.22	15.67	37.26
More than one chronic conditions (%)^c	18.99	6.01	19.57
Pain-related conditions (%)^c	34.50	13.07	34.47
Cardiovascular conditions (%)	10.07	2.19	4.83
Respiratory conditions (%)	0.23	0.92	0.99
Other conditions (%)	3.28	0.03	1.41
Chronic health conditions—past 12 months
Total number of chronic conditions (1 min, 10 max; mean)^a,c	0.59 (0.16)	0.21 (0.07)	0.61 (0.11)
At least one chronic condition (%)^c	34.47	13.79	32.92
More than one chronic conditions (%)^c	14.12	5.87	15.38
Pain-related conditions (%)^c	30.35	12.40	31.15
Cardiovascular conditions (%)^a	7.47	0.87	3.77
Respiratory conditions (%)	0.16	0.92	0.99
Other conditions (%)	3.15	0.03	0.41
Received treatment during the past 12 months
Among those with any 12-month chronic conditions (%)	90.46	82.37	75.37
Among those with 12-month pain-related conditions (%)	85.50	87.14	74.46
Among those with 12-month cardiovascular conditions (%)	99.40	84.47	90.83
Among those with 12-month respiratory conditions (%)^a,c	82.54	13.15	100.00
Among those with 12-month other conditions (%)	98.61	100.00	98.51
Concern of seeking medical treatment
Worry about paying medical bills (very much, %)^b,c	11.95	6.78	25.93
Socio-demographic characteristics
Age (years, mean)^a	43.95 (2.02)	37.60 (3.31)	44.73 (3.08)
Gender (female, %)	53.62	49.74	44.81
Marital status (married, %)	88.12	80.16	85.94
Education (years of schooling, mean)^b	10.46 (1.65)	7.72 (0.88)	6.64 (0.97)
Occupation (professional/managerial, %)	25.54	10.89	3.87
Household wealth (0 min, 12 max; mean)	6.46 (1.03)	5.65 (0.73)	5.51 (0.37)
Health insurance
Urban basic medical insurance (%)^a,b	62.16	8.91	2.55
New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (%)^a,b	16.63	66.73	80.02
Commercial health insurance (%)^c	23.80	4.01	9.04
Sample size N	613	231	434
Weighted percentage (%)	56.78	18.13	25.09

Survey design effects (strata, cluster, and individual weight) are adjusted in the mean estimations.
Means or percentages are reported; standard errors in parentheses.
^aDifference between urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants significant at 𝑃<0.05.
^bDifference between urban residents and urbanized rural residents significant at 𝑃<0.05.
^cDifference between rural-to-urban migrants and urbanized rural residents significant at 𝑃<0.05.