Clinical Use and Mechanisms of Infliximab Treatment on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update

Table 1

Mechanisms of infliximab treatment on IBD.

Parameter	Effects	Ref.
Inflammatory cytokines, mediators	Downregulation	[18–21]
Activated lymphocytes	Apoptosis	[22–24]
Th1	Downregulation	[25–28]
Treg, regulatory macrophage	Induction	[29–31]
Intestinal epithelial cells and barrier	Protection	[32, 33]
ICAM1, VCAM1	Downregulation	[34]
Endothelial function	Protection	[35]
Mucosal angiogenesis	Inhibition	[36]
MMPs/TIMPs balance	Modulation	[37, 38]
Mucosa healing	Enhancing	[39]
NF-κB signals	Inhibition	[40]
MAPKs signaling	Promotion	[41]