Developmental Effects of Exposures to Environmental Factors: The Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study
Table 3
Association between exposure to environmental factors and child cognitive, language, and motor development.
Biomarkers of exposure
Model 1
Model 2
(95% CI)
(95% CI)
Cognitive
Language
Motor
Cognitive
Language
Motor
Cord blood lead level (log transformed)
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined ()
−2.2 (−5.0 to 0.7)*
−3.2 (−6.2 to −0.2)
−2.3 (−5.6 to 0.9)
−2.6 (−5.6 to 0.4)e
Psychomotor score at 12 months ()
−0.3 (−3.1 to 2.5)
Psychomotor score at 24 months ()
−6.7 (−13.3 to −0.1)
−6.2 (−12.8 to 0.5)b
Hair mercury
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined ()
1.6 (−4.4 to 7.6)
2.7 (−3.9 to 9.4)
5.3 (−2.2 to 12.9)
Saliva cotinine level during pregnancy
a(log transformed)
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined ()
−0.8 (−1.4 to −0.2)
−0.9 (−1.6 to −0.3)
−0.9 (−1.6 to −0.3)*
−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.4)c
−0.5 (−1.2 to 0.2)c
−0.9 (−1.6 to −0.1)c
Psychomotor score at 12 months ()
−0.6 (−1.3 to 0.2)
Psychomotor score at 24 months ()
−1.9 (−3.2 to −0.7)
−1.8 (−3.3 to −0.3)f
Cotinine level in child urine
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined ()
−0.2 (−0.4 to −0.1)
−0.2 (−0.4 to −0.1)
−0.2 (−0.4 to −0.1)*
−0.2 (−0.3 to −0.03)d
−0.2 (−0.3 to −0.03)d
−0.2 (−0.3 to 0.01)d
Psychomotor score at 12 months ()
−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.03)
Psychomotor score at 24 months ()
−0.7 (−1.1 to −0.3)
−0.5 (−0.9 to −0.1)g
1-Hydroxypyrene level in pregnant women urine
Psychomotor score at 12 and 24 months combined ()
−0.7 (−2.3 to 1.0)
−0.8 (−2.5 to 0.9)
−1.3 (−3.1 to 0.6)
Interaction between age and biomarker of exposure . Cumulative value for prenatal period. ; c; d; e; f; and g. Model 1—adjusted for examiner and age at assessment (one or two years of age). Model 2—adjusted for examiner, age at assessment for combined analysis (one or two years of age), parental age, parental education, child gender, and for cognitive development additionally marital status and child nursery attendance.
