Copyright © 2013 Qiong Zou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. A. T. Collins, P. A. Berry, C. Hyde, M. J. Stower, and N. J. Maitland, “Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells,” Cancer Research, vol. 65, no. 23, pp. 10946–10951, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
2. C.-C. Chang, “Recent translational research: stem cells as the roots of breast cancer,” Breast Cancer Research, vol. 8, no. 1, article 103, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
3. L. Ricci-Vitiani, D. G. Lombardi, E. Pilozzi et al., “Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells,” Nature, vol. 445, no. 7123, pp. 111–115, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. C. Li, D. G. Heidt, P. Dalerba et al., “Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells,” Cancer Research, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1030–1037, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
5. M. E. Prince, R. Sivanandan, A. Kaczorowski et al., “Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 973–978, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. R. E. Reiter, Z. Gu, T. Watabe et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen: a cell surface marker overexpressed in prostate cancer,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1735–1740, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. S. Ross, S. D. Spencer, I. Holcomb et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen as therapy target: tissue expression and in vivo efficacy of an immunoconjugate,” Cancer Research, vol. 62, no. 9, pp. 2546–2553, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. Z. Gu, G. Thomas, J. Yamashiro et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expression increases with high gleason score, advanced stage and bone metastasis in prostate cancer,” Oncogene, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1288–1296, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. K.-R. Han, D. B. Seligson, X. Liu et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen expression is associated with gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion and capsular invasion in prostate cancer,” Journal of Urology, vol. 171, no. 3, pp. 1117–1121, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. N. Amara, G. S. Palapattu, M. Schrage et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in human transitional cell carcinoma,” Cancer Research, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 4660–4665, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
11. P. Argani, C. Rosty, R. E. Reiter et al., “Discovery of new markers of cancer through serial analysis of gene expression: prostate stem cell antigen is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma,” Cancer Research, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 4320–4324, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
12. M. N. Wente, A. Jain, E. Kono et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen is a putative target for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer,” Pancreas, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 119–125, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
13. E. Elsamman, T. Fukumori, T. Kasai et al., “Prostate stem cell antigen predicts tumour recurrence in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder,” BJU International, vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 1202–1207, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
14. C. A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, A. Maitra, G. L. Shen-Ong et al., “Discovery of novel tumor markers of pancreatic cancer using global gene expression technology,” American Journal of Pathology, vol. 160, no. 4, pp. 1239–1249, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. E. M. Elsamman, T. Fukumori, S. Tanimoto et al., “The expression of prostate stem cell antigen in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis,” BJU International, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 668–673, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. H. Sakamoto, K. Yoshimura, N. Saeki et al., “Genetic variation in PSCA is associated with susceptibility to diffuse-type gastric cancer,” Nature Genetics, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 730–740, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
17. D. F. Stroncek, L. Caruccio, and M. Bettinotti, “CD177: a member of the Ly-6 gene superfamily involved with neutrophil proliferation and polycythemia vera,” Journal of Translational Medicine, vol. 2, article 8, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. A. Hänninen, I. Jaakkola, M. Salmi, O. Simell, and S. Jalkanen, “Ly-6C regulates endothelial adhesion and homing of CD8⁺ T cells by activating integrin-dependent adhesion pathways,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 94, no. 13, pp. 6898–6903, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. S.-K. Lee, B. Su, S. E. Maher, and A. L. M. Bothwell, “Ly-6A is required for T cell receptor expression and protein tyrosine kinase fyn activity,” The EMBO Journal, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 2167–2176, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
20. W. L. Stanford, S. Haque, R. Alexander et al., “Altered proliferative response by T lymphocytes of Ly-6A (Sca-1) null mice,” Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 186, no. 5, pp. 705–717, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
21. H. R. Schöler, S. Ruppert, N. Suzuki, K. Chowdhury, and P. Gruss, “New type of POU domain in germ line-specific protein Oct-4,” Nature, vol. 344, no. 6265, pp. 435–439, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. M. H. Rosner, M. A. Vigano, K. Ozato et al., “A POU-domain transcription factor in early stem cells and germ cells of the mammalian embryo,” Nature, vol. 345, no. 6277, pp. 686–692, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. J. Nichols, B. Zevnik, K. Anastassiadis et al., “Formation of pluripotent stem cells in the mammalian embryo depends on the POU transcription factor Oct4,” Cell, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 379–391, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. H. Niwa, J.-I. Miyazaki, and A. G. Smith, “Quantitative expression of Oct-3/4 defines differentiation, dedifferentiation or self-renewal of ES cells,” Nature Genetics, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 372–376, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
25. M. Monk and C. Holding, “Human embryonic genes re-expressed in cancer cells,” Oncogene, vol. 20, no. 56, pp. 8085–8091, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
26. T. Jin, D. R. Branch, X. Zhang, S. Qi, B. Youngson, and P. E. Goss, “Examination of POU homeobox gene expression in human breast cancer cells,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 104–112, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
27. Y.-C. Chen, H.-S. Hsu, Y.-W. Chen et al., “Oct-4 expression maintained cancer stem-like properties in lung cancer-derived CD133-positive cells,” PLoS ONE, vol. 3, no. 7, Article ID e2637, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
28. C.-C. Chang, G.-S. Shieh, P. Wu, C.-C. Lin, A.-L. Shiau, and C.-L. Wu, “Oct-3/4 expression reflects tumor progression and regulates motility of bladder cancer cells,” Cancer Research, vol. 68, no. 15, pp. 6281–6291, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
29. N. Monsef, M. Soller, M. Isaksson, P. A. Abrahamsson, and I. Panagopoulos, “The expression of pluripotency marker oct 3/4 in prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia,” Prostate, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 909–916, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
30. S.-H. Chiou, C.-C. Yu, C.-Y. Huang et al., “Positive correlations of Oct-4 and Nanog in oral cancer stem-like cells and high-grade oral squamous cell carcinoma,” Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 4085–4095, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. U. I. Ezeh, P. J. Turek, R. A. Reijo Pera, and A. T. Clark, “Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma,” Cancer, vol. 104, no. 10, pp. 2255–2265, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
32. Z. Du, R. Qin, C. Wei et al., “Pancreatic cancer cells resistant to chemoradiotherapy rich in “stem-cell-like” tumor cells,” Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 741–750, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
33. M.-H. Tai, C.-C. Chang, L. K. Olson, and J. E. Trosko, “Oct4 expression in adult human stem cells: evidence in support of the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis,” Carcinogenesis, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 495–502, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
34. M. Al-Hajj and M. F. Clarke, “Self-renewal and solid tumor stem cells,” Oncogene, vol. 23, no. 43, pp. 7274–7282, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
35. A. Jemal, R. Siegel, E. Ward et al., “Cancer statistics, 2006,” Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 106–130, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. C.-P. Chan, H.-C. Chang, Y.-L. Chen et al., “A 10-year experience of unsuspected gallbladder cancer after laparoscopic cholecystectomy,” International Surgery, vol. 88, no. 3, pp. 175–179, 2003. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. D. L. Bartlett, Y. Fong, J. G. Fortner, M. F. Brennan, and L. H. Blumgart, “Long-term results after resection for gallbladder cancer: implications for staging and management,” Annals of Surgery, vol. 224, no. 5, pp. 639–646, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
38. C. Wullstein, G. Woeste, S. Barkhausen, E. Gross, and U. T. Hopt, “Do complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy influence the prognosis of gallbladder cancer?” Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 828–832, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
39. S. Jayaraman and W. R. Jarnagin, “Management of gallbladder cancer,” Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 331–342, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
40. H. Yamagiwa, H. Tomiyama, and H. Yoshimura, “Histogenesis of carcinoma of gallbladder. Histological study of serial sections of 1000 cases of resected gallbladder,” Rinsho Byori, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 475–480, 1986. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
41. G. P. Dowling and J. K. Kelly, “The histogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder,” Cancer, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 1702–1708, 1986. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
42. E. Leonardo, G. Valente, S. Cappia et al., “Immunohistochemical evaluation of P-glycoprotein in human malignancies by monoclonal antibody MC57,” International Journal of Cancer, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 841–846, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
43. H. Khalid, A. Yasunaga, M. Kishikawa, and S. Shibata, “Immunohistochemical expression of the estrogen receptor-r elated antigen (ER-D5) in human intracranial tumors,” Cancer, vol. 75, pp. 2571–2578, 1995. View at Google Scholar
44. E. Sasatomi, O. Tokunaga, and K. Miyazaki, “Precancerous conditions of gallbladder carcinoma: overview of histopathologic characteristics and molecular genetic findings,” Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 556–567, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
45. I. Roa, J. C. Araya, M. Villaseca et al., “Preneoplastic lesions and gallbladder cancer: an estimate of the period required for progression,” Gastroenterology, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 232–236, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
46. D. L. Bartlett, “Gallbladder cancer,” Seminars in Surgical Oncology, vol. 19, pp. 145–155, 2000. View at Google Scholar
47. X. Q. Wang, W. M. Ongkeko, L. Chen et al., “Octamer 4 (Oct4) mediates chemotherapeutic drug resistance in liver cancer cells through a potential Oct4-AKT-ATP-binding cassette G2 pathway,” Hepatology, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 528–539, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
48. T. Hu, S. Liu, D. R. Breiter, F. Wang, Y. Tang, and S. Sun, “Octamer 4 small interfering RNA results in cancer stem cell-like cell apoptosis,” Cancer Research, vol. 68, no. 16, pp. 6533–6540, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
49. T. Kawaguchi, M. Sho, T. Tojo et al., “Clinical significance of prostate stem cell antigen expression in non-small cell lung cancer,” Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 319–326, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
50. D. C. Saffran, A. B. Raitano, R. S. Hubert, O. N. Witte, R. E. Reiter, and A. Jakobovits, “Anti-PSCA mAbs inhibit tumor growth and metastasis formation and prolong the survival of mice bearing human prostate cancer xenografts,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 2658–2663, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
51. Z. Gu, J. Yamashiro, E. Kono, and R. E. Reiter, “Anti-prostate stem cell antigen monoclonal antibody 1G8 induces cell death in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo via a Fc-independent mechanism,” Cancer Research, vol. 65, no. 20, pp. 9495–9500, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
52. S. Matsueda, K. Kobayashi, Y. Nonaka, M. Noguchi, K. Itoh, and M. Harada, “Identification of new prostate stem cell antigen-derived peptides immunogenic in HLA-A2⁺ patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer,” Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 479–489, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
53. M. D. L. L. Garcia-Hernandez, A. Gray, B. Hubby, O. J. Klinger, and W. M. Kast, “Prostate stem cell antigen vaccination induces a long-term protective immune response against prostate cancer in the absence of autoimmunity,” Cancer Research, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 861–869, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus