| | Stress | Reference |
| Abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, polyamines, and others | Drought, salinity, cold | [3, 58, 65–67] | Proline, glycine-betaine, and other compatible osmolytes | Environmental stresses: drought, salinity, osmotic | [62–64] | Phytoalexins | Microbial pathogens | [89] | Terpenes | Toxins and pathogens | [89] | Phenolic compounds (coumarin, lignin, flavonoids, tannins, isoflavonoids) | Pathogens, oxidative stress, UV light | [89, 90] | Alkaloids | Pathogens (predators) | [87] | Unsaturated fatty acids | Environmental stresses | [73] | ROS, malondialdehyde | Biotic and abiotic stresses | [3, 58, 68] | Phytochelatins and metallothioneins | Heavy metal intoxication | [76, 77] |
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