Research Article

The Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Gingival Bleeding and Serum Concentrations of Haptoglobin and Alpha 1-Antitrypsin

Table 1

The mean standard, deviation, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the variables evaluated in the study in both smokers and non-smokers.

SmokersNonsmokers value S/NS
Patients numberMean ± SD95% CIPatients numberMean ± SD95% CI

Number of cigarettes per day99 12.25, 14.54
Duration of smoking per years99 12.92, 19.14
BOP99 23.09, 28.99 98 −8.16, 7.580.941 NS
Plaque index99 47.35, 55.3598 −7.14, 7.720.939 NS
Cotinine (ng/dL)99 96.04, 117.8298 76.56, 98.970.000 S
Haptoglobin (mg/dL)99 57.24, 94.8498
24.66, 62.48
0.000 S
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (mg/dL)99 135.38, 148.4398 10.71, 25.97 0 .000 S