A Review on the Use of Grid-Based Boltzmann Equation Solvers for Dose Calculation in External Photon Beam Treatment Planning

Table 2

A summary of information on some previous experimental validations for the accuracy of D-LBTE solvers in predicting the doses in heterogeneous humanoid phantoms using multiple clinical setup fields.

Published investigations	Han et al. 2012. [33]	Kan et al. 2013 [34]	Kan et al. 2012 [30]	Han et al. 2013 [35]	Hoffmann et al. 2012 [32]
Disease of interest	Oropharyngeal; tumor	Nasopharyngeal; carcinoma	Locally persistent; nasopharyngeal; carcinoma	Lung cancer	Tumor in mediastinum
Media involved	Water equivalent materials	Tissue, air, and bone	Tissue, air, and bone	Tissue and lung	Tissue, lung, and bone
Treatment technique used	IMRT, VMAT	IMRT, VMAT	IMSRT	IMRT, VMAT	A total of 11 different plans including opposing fields, multiple fields, IMRT, and VMAT.
Phantom used	RPC head and neck phantom	Anthropomorphic; phantom (RANDO)	Anthropomorphic; phantom (RANDO)	RPC thorax phantom	CIRS Thorax phantom
Measurement device	TLD and EBT film	TLD and EBT film	TLD	TLD and EBT film	EBT film
LBTE solver	AXB version 11; using both 𝐷𝑚 and 𝐷𝑤	AXB version 10; using both 𝐷𝑚 and 𝐷𝑤	AXB version 10; using 𝐷𝑚 only	AXB version 11; using both 𝐷𝑚 and 𝐷𝑤	AXB version 10; using 𝐷𝑚 only
Observed results	For TLD, deviation within 5%.; For gamma analysis with film,; 88% passed 5%/3 mm criterion for both 𝐷𝑚 and 𝐷𝑤	For TLD, deviation within 5%, with an average of 1.8%.; For gamma analysis with film,; 91% passed 3%/3 mm criterion for 𝐷𝑚 and 99% for 𝐷𝑤	For TLD,; deviation within 3%	For TLD, deviation within 4.4%.; For gamma analysis with film,; ~97% passed 3%/3 mm criterion for 𝐷𝑚 and 98% for 𝐷𝑤	For gamma analysis with film,; 98.2% passed the 3%/3 mm criterion for 6 MV and 99.5% for 15 MV