Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induced Thyroid Dysfunction: A Review of Its Incidence, Pathophysiology, Clinical Relevance, and Treatment

Table 1

Mechanisms of action of different tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Major tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Mechanism of action
Sunitinib	Inhibition of VEGF 1–3, PDGF Ra/𝛽, KIT, FLT3-ITD, FLT3, and Ret
Sorafenib	Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR 2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), FLT3, Ret, and c-Kit
Imatinib	Inhibition of Bcr-Abl positive colonies from CML patients, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stem cell factor (SCF), and c-Kit
Dasatinib	Inhibition of Bcr-Abl and Src family kinases (SFK)
Axitinib	Inhibition of VEGFR 1, 2, and 3 selectively
Motesanib	Inhibition of VEGFR, PDFGRs, KIT, and RET
Nilotinib	Inhibition of BCR-ABL
Pazopanib	Inhibition of VEGFR 1, 2, and 3, c-kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)