Structure and Antimicrobial Properties of Monensin A and Its Derivatives: Summary of the Achievements

Table 3

Selected cellular effects of monensin.

Decreased secretion: proteoglycans, prolactin, albumin, transferrin, proinsulin polypeptides, 𝛼-amylase isoenzyme, different proteins, thyroxine-binding globulin, gonadotropin-binding globulin, acetyl cholinesterase, phytohemagglutinin, VLD lipoproteins, and glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus
Increased secretion: catecholamines type of biogenic amines, proteolytic cascade enzyme—cathepsin D
Damaging proteins transformation processes: changes proalbumin into albumin
The deformation of oligosaccharides: herpes simplex virus glycoprotein, coronaviruses, myeloperoxidase, and fibronectin
Inhibition of assimilation: horseradish peroxidase, arylsulfatase, immunoglobulins, and 𝛼-2-macroglobulin
Inhibition of assimilated ligands dissociation: asialoglycoproteins, asialoorosomucoid
Inhibition of ligands transfer: epidermal growth factor, 𝛽-hexosaminidase, immunoglobulins, low-density lipoprotein, and proteoglycans to the lysosomes
Inhibition of acidification: endosomes, lysosomes, and exosomes
Impact on the processes of external cellular structures creating by reducing the secretion: proteoglycans, collagen and procollagen, fibronectin, and lamin