HGF lymphangiogenesis and gene therapy for lymphedema. (a) Effect of HGF plasmid on c-fos promoter activity in LEC. , * versus control, VEGF165. (b) Typical western blot of ERK or Akt and phosphorylated ERK or Akt in cLEC before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after treatment with human recombinant HGF (50 ng/mL). (c) Representative pictures of the fluorescent lymphography using PDE at day 7 and day 35 after surgery. “HGF” indicates human HGF plasmid (200 μg/0.1 mL) and “control” indicates GFP plasmid injection (200 μg/0.1 mL).
