Review Article

A Comprehensive Tutorial on In Vitro Characterization of New Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Antitumor Therapy and Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms

Table 2

Fluorescent probes for cellular organelle counterstaining [89].

Organelle/cell structureFluorescent dye(s)

MitochondriaTMRM, TMRE, rhodamine 123, tetramethylrosamine, mitotrackers, nonyl acridine orange, carbocyanines, dual-emission dyes (JC-1, JC-9)
Endoplasmic Reticulum3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide [DiOC6(3)], ER-Tracker
NucleusDAPI; Hoechst-33342, propidium iodide, SYTO dyes
CytoplasmCalcein AM
Golgi apparatus Fluorescent labeled lectins
LysosomesLysoTracker
Cell membraneCellTracker

DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; TMRE: tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester; TMRM: tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester.