Variables Associated with Performance of an Active Limb Movement following Within-Session Instruction in People with and People without Low Back Pain

Table 1

Subject characteristics.

	People with LBP; (𝑛=15)	People without LBP; (𝑛=20)
Gender	M = 7, F = 8	M = 10, F = 10
Age (years)	28.1 (7.2)	26.5 (5.9)
Weight (kg)	74.1 (10.1)	72.6 (7.6)
Height (cm)	173.5 (10.9)	171.4 (9.4)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.8 (3.0)	24.9 (2.8)
Spine length (cm)	48.1 (3.6)	46.8 (2.8)
Shank length (cm)	38.7 (3.1)	38.1 (3.1)
Passive hip lateral rotation* (degrees)	45.4 (10.0)	49.1 (7.2)
Femoral anteversion† (degrees)	11.3 (5.5)	11.4 (5.5)
Generalized joint hypermobility^‡ (0–9)	2.2 (3.2)	2.1 (2.5)
Relative motion index§, active condition	4.7 (3.6)	6.7 (4.0)
Relative motion index, active-instructed condition	11.4 (8.5)	18.2 (12.3)
Relative motion index, passive condition	3.7 (7.1)	4.8 (4.6)
Current pain score^∥ (0–10)	2.0 (1.2)	NA
Duration of LBP (years)	6.8 (3.3)	NA
Modified Oswestry Disability Index¶ (0–100%)	13.5 (9.5)	NA
Number of acute flare-ups in previous 12 months^#	5.8 (4.3)	NA

Values expressed as mean (standard deviation).
𝑃>0.5 for all comparisons.
∗Passive hip lateral rotation with pelvis stabilized, measured in prone with an inclinometer.
†Femoral anteversion measured with a goniometer using methods described by Ruwe et al. [37].
‡Generalized joint hypermobility measured with Beighton Hypermobility Scale [38].
§Relative motion index calculated as the amount of hip lateral rotation completed prior to the start of lumbopelvic rotation.
‖Pain measured using a verbal numeric pain rating scale [32].
¶Disability measured using modified Oswestry Disability Index [31].
#A flare-up is defined as a period (usually a week or less) when back pain is markedly more severe than usual [30].