Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Pathogenesis of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy

Table 1

Risk Factors for CIN.

Intrinsic predisposing factors
Preexisting renal failure
Diabetes
Effective blood volume depletion
Dehydration, hypotension
Heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Anemia
Transplanted kidney
Aging
Female gender
Other nephrotoxins
Exogenous: nephrotoxic drugs
Endogenous: heme pigments
Systemic inflammation
Extrinsic predisposing factors (procedure related)
Large CM volume
Primary coronary intervention/emergency procedure