Effectiveness of Naltrexone in the Prevention of Delayed Respiratory Arrest in Opioid-Naive Methadone-Intoxicated Patients

Table 3

Patients clinical finding on arrival time (at ED).

Characteristics	Total	NLTX	Placebo	P value
		𝑛=27	𝑛=27
Loss of Consciousness
Nil	28 (51.9%)	16 (59.3%)	12 (44.4%)	0.15^‡
Grade I	17 (31.5%)	9 (33.3%)	8 (29.6%)
Grade II	6 (11.1%)	1 (3.7%)	5 (18.5%)
Grade III	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.7%)
Grade IV	2 (3.7%)	1 (3.7%)	1 (3.7%)
Heart rate (Beat/min)
Mean ± SD	84±14	85±12	83±17	0.71^†
Systolic BP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	114±15	112±13	117±16	0.26^†
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	74±9	73±8	74±11	0.47^†
Temperature (°C)
Mean ± SD	37±0.2	36.9±0.3	37±0.1	0.40^†
Pupil size
Normal	12 (22.2%)	7 (25.9%)	5 (18.5%)	0.51**
Miosis	42 (77.8%)	20 (74.1%)	22 (81.5%)
Mydriasis	1 (1.9%)	0 (0.0%)	1 (3.7%)
Dyspnea	21 (38.9%)	11 (40.7%)	10 (37.0%)	0.78*
Cyanosis	13 (24.1%)	7 (25.9%)	6 (22.2%)	>0.99*
Bradypnea	25 (46.3%)	9 (33.3%)	10 (37%)	0.79*
Tachypnea (RR > 32/min)	2 (3.7%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (7.4%)	0.49**
Apnea occurrence	8 (14.8%)	3 (11.1%)	5 (18.5%)	0.70**
Respiratory depression	21 (38.9%)	9 (33.3%)	12 (44.4%)	0.40*
Taking naloxone	19 (35.2%)	9 (33.3%)	10 (37.0%)	0.78*
Naloxone doses (mg)
Mean ± SD	1.4 ± 1.5	0.6 ± 0.4	2.2 ± 1.7	<0.01^‡
ABG
pH
Mean ± SD	7.32±0.08	7.34±0.07	7.3±0.09	0.05^†
pCO2 (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	53±10	50.6±9	55.3±10.6	0.09^†
HCO3 (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	26.7±4.2	27±4.4	26.4±4.1	0.61^†
paO2 (mmHg)
Mean ± SD	48.4±15.2	45.4±16.1	51.6±13.9	0.15^†
O2 Saturation (%)
Mean ± SD	85±7	89±5	82±7	0.13^‡

†Student’s t-test. ^‡Mann-Whitney U test. ED: emergency department, ABG: arterial blood gases.
∗Chi-Square test. **Fisher’s exact test.