Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Responses to Infection: A Common Denominator of Human and Bovine Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis

Table 1

Immune related, apoptosis-related and tissue destruction genes differentially expressed relative to uninfected cells in monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and in a bovine macrophage cell line after stimulation with live bovine isolates of Map. Genes upregulated or downregulated in at least three of the studies are shown in bold.

Cell model	Map; strain	Map/cells ratio	Assay	Time p.i. (h)	Upregulated genes	Downregulated genes	Reference
MDM^1	ATCC 19698	10 : 1	qRT-PCR	6 h	IL-10, GM-CSF	IFN-γ, TNF-α	[33]
				24 h	IL-10, GM-CSF
				72 h	IL-10, GM-CSF, and IL-8	IL-12
MDM	Field strain; B1018	5 : 1	qRT-PCR	16 h		IL-10, TNF-α	[34]
				24 h		IL-10, TNF-α
				48 h	IL-10	TNF-α
				96 h	IL-10	TNF-α
MDM	ATCC 19698	10 : 1	Microarray	16 h	IL-6, TGF-β,	TNFR,	[35]
					Thrombospondin-1, MIP-1β, and MMP-12	MHC class II DQ-β
MDM	ATCC 19698	10 : 1	Microarray	24 h	IL-6, TGF-β		[36]
PBMC^2	ATCC 19698	10 : 1	Microarray	16 h		IL-1, MMP1, MMP23, and MMP9	[37]
MDM	ATCC 19698	5 : 1	Microarray	6 h	IL-1β, IL-8, IL-1α, and BCL2A1	TNFR, BAD	[38]
MDM	Field strain	2.1	Microarray	2 h	IL-10, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF, CXCL2, CCL20, CFB, CASP-1, CASP-4, CASP-8, CASP-6, BIRC-3, CFLAR, and CD40		[39]
				6 h	IL-1β, TNF, CXCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL20, CD40, CFB, CASP-1, CASP4, CASP8, CASP6, BIRC3, and CFLAR
				24 h	SAA3, CLEC4E, CLEC2D, CD40, and CFB
BoMac^3	K10	10 : 1	qRT-PCR	4 h	IFN-γ, IL-1α, BCL2-1, and TGF-β 1	IL-6	[40]
				14 h	IL-6, BCL2-1
				24 h	IL-6, TGF-β 1, and TNFα-2	MMP3-1, IL-1α, and BCL2-1

1MDM: monocytes-derived macrophages; ²PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ³BoMac: bovine macrophage cell line.