Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Responses to Infection: A Common Denominator of Human and Bovine Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium avium Subsp. paratuberculosis

Table 2

Cytokine, apoptosis-related, and tissue destruction proteins differentially expressed in human transformed macrophage cell lines, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM) obtained from Crohn’s disease (CD) patients after stimulation with bovine or human isolates of Map.

Cell Model	Map; strain	Map/cells; ratio	Assay	Time p.i. (h)	Upregulated; cytokines	Downregulated; cytokines	Reference
THP-1^1,2	Bovine 1018	5 : 1	Microarray	2 h		IL-18, IL-12B, IL-23A, TNF-α, LRDD, and PDC28	[41]
PBMC from CD patients^3	Human; ATCC 43019	1 : 1	Flow cytometry	72 h	IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α	IFN-γ	[42]
MDM from CD patients^3	Human; ATCC 43015	10 : 1	Flow cytometry	3 h; 72 h	IL-23	TNF-α	[43]

1THP-1, human monocytic cell line.
²Comparisons were made between uninfected and infected cells.
³Comparisons were made between Map-infected macrophages from CD patients and controls.