Depletion of Luminal Pyridine Nucleotides in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Activates Autophagy with the Involvement of mTOR Pathway
Figure 2
NADPH depletion and autophagy inhibition together promote cell death. HepG2 cells were treated with metyrapone (Mety—100 μM), rapamycin (Rap—100 nM), Wortmannin (Wort—1 μM), and 3-methyladenine (3-MA—10 mM) for 2 h at 37°C. Cells were also pretreated with Wort/3-MA for 2 h; then Mety/Rap was added for another 2 h. (a) Cell lysates were analysed by Western blot by immunoreacting with antibodies against LC3, PARP, and GAPDH, respectively. (b) Cell viability was followed by using Cell Titer-Blue Assay and the relative cell viability was represented after treatment.
