BioMed Research International

Review Article

Review on Natural Coumarin Lead Compounds for Their Pharmacological Activity

Table 1

Different coumarin types and their pharmacological properties.


Sl no.	Type of coumarin	General chemical structure	Example with reference	Pharmacological activity

1	Simple coumarins		Coumarin [17]	Anti-inflammatory
			Esculetin [18]	Anti-inflammatory Anticancer Antiadipogenic Antioxidant Neuroprotective
			Ammoresinol [19]	Antibacterial
			Ostruthin [19]	Antibacterial Antifungal
			Osthole [20]	Antibacterial Antifungal Anticancer Anticonvulsant Antioxidant
			Novobiocin [21]	Antibacterial
			Coumermycin [22]	Antibacterial
			Chartreusin [23]	Antibacterial Antitumor
			Fraxin [24]	Anticancer Antiadipogenic Antioxidant
			Umbelliferone [25]	Antitubercular
			Fraxidin [26]	Antiadipogenic Antihyperglycemic
			Phellodenol A [8]	Antitubercular
			Esculin, fraxetin [27]	Antiadipogenic,
			Murrayatin [28] Auraptene [29]

2	Furano coumarins		Imperatorin [17]	Anti-inflammatory Antibacterial Antifungal Antiviral Anticancer Anticonvulsant
			Psoralen [11]	Antifungal Anti-TB
			Bergapten [25]	Anti-TB
			Methoxsalen [30]	Cytochrome P450 inhibitor
			Marmalde, marmelosin [29]

3	Dihydrofurano coumarins		Anthogenol [31] Felamidin [6] Marmesin, rutaretin [25]	Antibacterial Antibacterial Anti-TB Anti-TB

4		Pyrano coumarins are of two types

4a	Linear type		Grandivittin [32] Agasyllin [32] Aegelinol benzoate [32] Xanthyletin [25]	Antibacterial Antibacterial Antibacterial Anti-TB


4b	Angular type		Inophyllum A, B, C, E, P, G₁, and G₂ [33] Calanolide A, B, and F [34] (+)-Dihydrocalanolide A and B [35] Pseudocordatolide C [36]	Antiviral Antiviral Antiviral Antiviral

5	Phenyl coumarins		Isodispar B, dispardiol B, mammea A/AB cyclo E, mammea A/AB dioxalanocyclo F, disparinol D, disparpropylinol B [37]

6	Bicoumarins		Dicoumarol [38]	Anticoagulant