Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alphavirus-Induced Arthritis

Table 2

Inflammatory mediators in arthritogenic alphaviruses infection.

Virus	Cell cultures infected in vitro	Animal models	Patients		References
			Acute phase	Chronic phase
RRV	IL-8, GM-CSF, MCP-1	MIF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ	TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1		[65, 73, 78]
CHIKV	IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MCP-1	IFN-α/β IFN-γ, KC, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-15, GM-CSF	IL-6, IFN-α, IP-10, IL-12, IL-1Ra, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-15, MIG	IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-1Ra, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β	[31, 37, 50–52, 61, 74, 79–82]
SINV	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIF				[76]