Evaluation of Anti-Candida Activity of Vitis vinifera L. Seed Extracts Obtained from Wine and Table Cultivars
Table 5
Phenolic constituents and MIC values of dried GSEs obtained from fifteen selected cultivars of Vitis vinifera L.
Sample
Flavan-3-ols mg/g
Pol 1 + 2 mg/g
G Mon + Olig mg/g
Pol 1 + 2/ flavan-3-ols
Pol 1/Pol 2
Pol 2 mg/g
MIC GM mg/L
1
Verdicchio 2006
198.3
156.5
4.9
0.79
1.6
60.2
53.2
2
Abbuoto 2006
96.9
67.2
3.1
0.69
3.5
14.9
44.2
3
Verdicchio 2008
69.1
32.8
4.1
0.47
4.2
6.3
203.2
4
Abbuoto 2008
98.1
38.9
10.10
0.40
6.2
5.4
64.0
5
M. PalieriV2N1 2010
820.0
638.5
25.2
0.78
2.8
168.0
10.6
6
M. PalieriV1N1 2010
748.1
572.9
23.4
0.77
2.9
146.9
11.6
7
M. PalieriV2N1 2011
581.1
465.4
18.2
0.80
2.8
122.4
12.1
8
M. PalieriV1N1 2011
617.6
448.8
20.7
0.73
4.0
89.8
14.6
9
ItaliaV2N2 2011
460.4
429.0
11.9
0.93
2.7
115.9
6.1
10
ItaliaV1N2 2011
534.2
514.5
5.4
0.96
1.7
190.9
5.7
11
Red GlobeV2N1 2011
471.7
404.9
28.4
0.86
3.6
88.0
7.0
12
Red GlobeV1N1 2011
300.5
251.6
23.1
0.84
4.4
46.6
12.1
13
NegroamaroV2N2 2011
375.3
354.4
2.4
0.94
2.2
110.7
10.7
14
NegroamaroV1N2 2011
401.7
306.7
9.0
0.76
4.1
60.1
20.2
15
Pinot 2011
229.5
143.2
11.4
0.62
3.4
32.5
84.5
Flavan-3-ols: total sum of monomers, oligomers (degree of polymerization ≤ 3) and polymeric forms; Pol 1 + 2: polymeric forms (degree of polymerization ≥ 4); G (gallate) Mon (monomers) + Olig (oligomers) is the sum of (−) epicatechin gallate, monogalloylated dimer, monogalloylated dimer of type A, and monogalloylated trimer. MIC GM: geometric mean MIC against Candida albicans reference strains (ATCC90028, ATCC3153, ATCC10261, ATCC10231, and ATCC24433) determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) protocol M27-A3.
