|
| Biosorbent | Target ion/compound | Equilibrium model | Maximum sorption capacity (mg/g) | Sorption constant* | pH/temperature (°C) | Reference |
|
| Local dairy sludge | Pb(II)
Cd(II) | Langmuir | 178.6
69.90 | 0.03
0.05 | 5/40 | [129] |
|
| Baker’s yeast biomass | Cd(II)
Pb(II) | Langmuir | 31.75
60.24 | 0.092
0.066 | 6.0/30
5.0/30 | [131] |
|
| Cider yeast | Patulin | Langmuir | 0.0082 | 0.064 | 4.5/25 | [117] |
|
| Beer yeast | Cu(II)
Pb(II) | Langmuir | 0.66
2.27 | 0.314
0.259 | 5.0/20 | [69] |
|
Spent waste beer yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Pb(II) | Freundlich | — |
| 5.0/30 | [82] |
|
| Spent brewery grains (SBG) | AG25 dye | Langmuir | 212.76 | 0.036 | 3.0/30 | [70] |
|
| Wine processing sludge | Ni(II) | Langmuir | 3.91 | 0.113 | 5.5/50 | [76] |
|
| Antibiotic waste P. mutilus | Cu(II) | Langmuir | 106.38 | 0.007 | — | [119] |
|
| Antibiotic waste P. mutilus | Basic Blue 41 | Langmuir
Freundlich | 111.00
| 0.097
| (8.0-9.0)/30 | [119] |
|
| Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Acid Red 57 dye | Langmuir | 215.13 | — | 2.0/20 | [91] |
|
| Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Reactive Red 198 | Freundlich | |
| | [86] |
|
| Fruit waste macrofungi Flammulina velutipes | Cd(II)
Pb(II) | Langmuir | 8.43
18.35 | — | 6.0/25 | [130] |
|
| Industrial fungi Penicillium oxalicum var. Armeniaca | Cd(II)
Pb(II)
Hg(II) | Langmuir | 35.90
47.40
269.3 | 0.05
1.01
0.07 | 5.0/20 | [107] |
|
Industrial fungi
Tolypocladium sp. | Cd(II)
Pb(II)
Hg(II) | Langmuir | 11.90
28.40
161.0 | 1.03
0.61
0.50 | 5.0/20 | [107] |
|
industrial waste of Clitopilus scyphoides
(Pleurotus mutilus) fungal biomass | Cd(II) | BET | 45.3 | 16
| 5.0/20 | [120] |
|
| Fungal waste biomass | Simulated acid bath for wool (SABW) dye | Langmuir | 289.5 | 0.0114 | 3.0/25 | [121] |
|
biomass of
Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Pb(II) | Langmuir | 19.93 | 0.498 | 5.0/50 | [84] |
|
| Fennel biomass (Foeniculum vulgare) | Cd(II) | Langmuir
Freundlich | 26.59 | 0.080
| 4.3/50 | [123] |
|
| Nonliving biomass Aspergillus awamori | Cu(II) | Langmuir | 35.97 | 0.136 | 5.0/20 | [125] |
|
Corynebacterium
glutamicum | Reactive Black 5
RB5 | Langmuir
Sips | 419 | 0.042
| 1.0/35 | [127] |
|
| Rhizopus oligosporus biomass | Cu(II) | Langmuir | 79.37 | 0.282 | 5.0/30 | [85] |
|
| Pectin-rich fruit wastes (lemon peels) | Cd(II) | Langmuir | 22.32 | 0.015 | 5.0/— | [133] |
|
| Orange waste | Cd(II) | Sips | 20.64 | 0.038 () | 6.0/25 | [94] |
|
| Orange waste | Cd(II)
Zn(II)
Cr(III) | Langmuir | 17.66
14.61
22.50 | 0.004
0.067
0.372 | 4.0/20 | [95] |
|
| Orange (Citrus sinensis) | Cr(III) | Langmuir | 36.48 | 0.403 | 5.0/25 | [102] |
|
| Pineapple peel, an agricultural effluent | Methylene Blue (MB) cationic dye | Langmuir | 97.09 | 0.074 | 6.0/30 | [91] |
|
Peach stones
Apricot stones | Pb(II) | Freundlich | — |
()
() | 7.0/— | [97] |
|
| Mangifera indica (mango) seed kernel particles | Methylene Blue (MB) cationic dye | Langmuir | 153.846 | 0.8227 | 8.0/50 | [98] |
|
| Desiccated coconut | Hg(II) | Langmuir | 500.00 | — | 7.4/30 | [100] |
|
| Pecan nut shells (C. illinoinensis) biomass | Acid Blue 74 (AB74) | Langmuir | 4.851 | 0.001 |
6.5/30 |
[132] |
| Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) | Langmuir | 13.410 | 0.001 |
| Acid Blue 25 (AB25) | Sips | 7.576 |
() |
|
| Crushed olive stone wastes | Pb(II)
Ni(II)
Cu(II)
Cd(II) | Freundlich |
— |
— |
5.5/20 |
[105] |
| Binary mixtures | Extended Langmuir |
|
| Olive pomace | Cu(II)
Cd(II)
Pb(II) | Langmuir | 1.94
2.98
6.23 | 0.138
0.046
1.829 | 5.0/60 | [108] |
|
| Olive pomace | Phenols | Freudlich | — |
| 10.0/20 | [110] |
|
| Pomace from olive oil | Cr(IV) | Langmuir | 18.69 | 0.055 | 2.0/60 | [101] |
|
| olive mill residues (OMR) | Cu(II) | Langmuir | 13.50 | 0.080 | 5.0/23 | [104] |
|
| Solid olive stone | Pb(II) | Sips | 6.57 | | 5.0/25 | [102] |
|
| Olive oil mill | Pb(II) | Dubinin-Astakhov | 23.69 | | 5.0/25 | [103] |
|
| Palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge | Methylene Blue (MB) cationic dye | Langmuir | 23.50 | 0.208 | 7.6/27 | [111] |
|
| Sugarcane bagasse waste | Methylene Blue (MB) |
Langmuir | 202.43 | 0.031 |
8.0/25 |
[78] |
| Gentian Violet (GV) | 327.83 | 0.047 |
|
| Fresh malted sorghum mash waste | Methylene Blue (MB) basic dye | Langmuir | 384.6 | 0.011 | 7.0/53 | [83] |
|
| Cupuassu shell, Theobroma grandiflorum, (CS) | Reactive Red dye (RR 194) |
Sips | 64.1 |
() |
2.0/25 |
[87] |
| Direct Blue 53 | 37.5 |
() |
|
| Activated carbon derived from exhausted olive waste cake | Lanaset Grey G | Langmuir | 108.70 | 0.031 | 6.0/25 | [113] |
|
| Activated carbon derived from empty fruit bunch (EFB) | Methylene Blue dye (MB) | Langmuir | 344.83 | 0.060 | —/30 | [114] |
|
| Activated carbon from sago waste | Pb(II) | Langmuir | 14.35 | 0.095 | 3.5/27 | [116] |
|
