Tobacco Exposure by Various Modes May Alter Proinflammatory (IL-12) and Anti-Inflammatory (IL-10) Levels and Affects the Survival of Prostate Carcinoma Patients: An Explorative Study in North Indian Population

Table 2

Tobacco and alcohol exposure with various modes and their association with pro-inflammatory (IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine and PSA in all groups.

Addiction	Interleukin-12 (pg/mL)			Interleukin-10 (pg/mL)			PSA (ng/mL)
	BPH	Cancer	Controls	BPH	Cancer	Controls	BPH	Cancer	Controls
Tobacco chewing
Betel quid	65.69 ± 2.84^ns	164.64 ± 6.27*	54.39 ± 2.55*	3.56 ± 0.57*	13.41 ± 1.90**	3.30 ± 0.36**	2.36 ± 0.20^ns	29.72 ± 18.22^ns	0.79 ± 0.28^ns
Khaini	68.35 ± 3.25*	177.91 ± 7.53**	57.13 ± 2.46**	2.29 ± 0.21^ns	10.09 ± 0.46**	2.60 ± 0.38**	2.42 ± 0.28^ns	28.26 ± 12.15^ns	0.63 ± 0.23^ns
Gutkha	66.79 ± 3.74^ns	171.91 ± 5.47**	55.20 ± 1.59**	2.62 ± 0.32^ns	9.59 ± 0.70*	2.59 ± 0.31**	2.31 ± 0.32^ns	25.99 ± 12.08^ns	0.66 ± 0.23^ns
Tobacco smoking
Cigarette	65.57 ± 2.64^ns	167.58 ± 5.87**	53.11 ± 2.33^ns	2.36 ± 0.17^ns	9.21 ± 0.74*	2.68 ± 0.33**	2.23 ± 0.14^ns	26.83 ± 12.60^ns	0.58 ± 0.25^ns
Bidi	68.97 ± 2.25*	183.81 ± 8.64**	57.25 ± 4.08**	2.63 ± 0.22^ns	9.59 ± 0.73**	2.86 ± 0.25**	2.28 ± 0.18^ns	27.01 ± 9.76^ns	0.62 ± 0.31^ns
Hookah	63.59 ± 1.13^ns	163.50 ± 5.39**	53.33 ± 1.90^ns	2.60 ± 0.27^ns	8.97 ± 0.78^ns	2.58 ± 0.29^ns	2.24 ± 0.15^ns	28.63 ± 17.08^ns	0.67 ± 0.35^ns
Chillum	68.66 ± 3.47^ns	183.81 ± 3.97**	56.79 ± 2.50**	2.64 ± 0.25^ns	9.92 ± 0.64*	2.74 ± 0.30*	2.34 ± 0.20^ns	27.22 ± 12.91^ns	0.92 ± 0.68^ns
Smoking with alcohol	70.03 ± 3.83**	189.56 ± 6.27**	58.09 ± 2.55**	2.39 ± 1.62^ns	11.70 ± 1.16**	2.97 ± 0.28**	2.35 ± 0.27^ns	26.87 ± 9.41^ns	0.68 ± 0.27^ns
Chewing with alcohol	72.38 ± 3.16**	194.90 ± 6.03**	59.32 ± 2.58**	2.62 ± 0.19^ns	11.84 ± 1.20**	3.08 ± 0.33**	2.47 ± 0.28^ns	25.05 ± 10.11^ns	0.64 ± 0.28^ns
Alcohol alone	71.20 ± 2.63**	187.25 ± 5.38**	55.2 ± 1.20**	2.53 ± 0.36^ns	8.97 ± 0.76^ns	2.76 ± 0.36**	2.35 ± 0.19^ns	25.13 ± 10.22^ns	0.62 ± 0.36^ns
Smoker & chewing and alcohol	74.09 ± 1.29**	204.12 ± 2.78**	61.11 ± 3.11**	2.52 ± 0.24^ns	11.99 ± 1.49**	3.22 ± 0.27	2.38 ± 0.30^ns	28.46 ± 12.32^ns	0.64 ± 0.31^ns
Non-users	62.04 ± 1.05	158.63 ± 4.32	51.46 ± 3.23	2.06 ± 0.51	8.47 ± 0.98	2.24 ± 0.31	2.27 ± 0.17	26.39 ± 11.63	0.61 ± 0.27

, , comparison with non users within same group.