Review Article

Pharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 10

Clinical trials comparing nebivolol with placebo and other agents for prophylaxis of contrast-induced AKI after angiography.

AuthorsYearType of procedure and contrast mediaNumber of patients
Intervention versus control
Study protocolIntravascular volume expansion and NAC protocolCI-AKI definitionMean GFR
Intervention versus control (mL/min/1.73 m2)
Incidence of CI-AKIRRT requirement
Intervention versus control (%)
InterventionControlIntervention versus control (%) value

Avci et al. [119]2011CAG
Ioxaglate
55 versus
35
Nebivolol 5 mg po OD 1 week before to 2 days afterMetoprolol 50 mg week before to 2 days afterNSS 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and 24 hours after↑Cr ≥25%/2 days44.75 versus 43.2724 versus
33
0.039ND

Günebakmaz et al. [120]2012CAG
Iopramide
40 versus
40 versus 40
Nebivolol 5 mg po OD
1 day before and after
(1) None
(2) NAC 600 mg po bid
NSS 1 mL/kg/h 6 hours before and 12 hours after↑Cr ≥25%/2 or 5 days or
↑Cr ≥0.5/2 or 5 days
51.6 versus
47.6 versus 49.8
20 versus
27.5 versus 22.5
0.72ND

 *Number of patient data in each group is not available. Data is shown as total patients in both groups.
**Incidence of CI-AKI for intervention group data is not available. Data is shown as percentage incidence of CI-AKI decrease compared to control group.
CAG: coronary angiography; CHF: congestive heart failure; CI-AKI: contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Cr: creatinine; g: gram; D5W: 5% dextrose solution; h: hour; IV: intravenous; kg: kilogram body weight; mcg: microgram; mg: milligram; mL: milliliter; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; ND: no data; NSS: normal saline solution; N/2: 0.45% NaCl; po: per oral route; q12h: every 12 hours; RRT: renal replacement therapy; tid: thrice daily.