Pharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 3

Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and placebo for contrast-induced AKI prophylaxis.

References		Number of patients	Number of trials	RR	95% CI		𝑃 value
Authors	Year				Low	High
Birck et al. [51]	2003	805	7	0.435	0.215	0.879	0.02
Isenbarger et al. [52]	2003	805	7	0.37	0.16	0.84	ND
Alonso et al. [53]	2004	885	8	0.41	0.22	0.79	0.007
Bagshaw and Ghali [54]	2004	1,261	14	0.54	0.32	0.91	0.02
Pannu et al. [55]	2004	1,776	15	0.65	0.43	1.0	0.049
Duong et al. [56]	2005	1,584	14	0.57	0.37	0.84	0.01
Liu et al. [57]	2005	1,028	9	0.43	0.24	0.75	ND
Kelly et al. [58]	2008	6,379	41	0.62	0.44	0.88	ND
Kwok et al. [59]	2013	15,976	7	0.65	0.48	0.88	ND
Kshirsagar et al. [60]	2004	1,538	16	ND	ND	ND	ND
Mirsa et al. [61]	2004	ND	27	ND	ND	ND	NS
Nallamothu et al. [62]	2004	2,195	21	0.73	0.52	1.0	0.08
Zagler et al. [63]	2006	1,892	13	0.68	0.46	1.02	0.06
Gonzales et al. [64]	2007	2,476	22	0.87	0.68	1.12	0.28
ACT Investigators [3]	2011	1,000	5	1.05	0.73	1.53	ND
Sun et al. [65]	2013	1,916	10	0.68	0.46	1.02	0.06

95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ND: no available data; NS: nonsignificant; RR: relative risk.