Pharmacological Strategies to Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Table 8

Clinical trials comparing fenoldopam with placebo and other agents for prophylaxis of contrast-induced AKI after angiography.

Authors	Year	Type of procedure and contrast media	Number of patients; Intervention versus control	Study protocol		Intravascular volume expansion and NAC protocol	CI-AKI definition	Mean GFR; Intervention versus control (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	Incidence of CI-AKI		RRT requirement; Intervention versus control (%)
				Intervention	Control				Intervention versus control (%)	𝑃 value
Allaqab and et al. [103]	2002	CAG; LONICM	38 versus; 40 versus 45	Fenoldopam; 0.1 mcg/kg/h IV 4 hours before and after	(1) None; (2) NAC 600 mg po bid	N/2 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and after	↑Cr ≥0.5/2 days	35.5 versus; 34.1 versus 36.9	15.7 versus; 15.3 versus 17.7	0.919	**Total 1.62
Stone et al. [104]	2003	CAG; ND	157 versus; 158	Fenoldopam; 0.05–0.1 mcg/kg/h IV 1 hour before and 12 hours after	Placebo	N/2 1.5 mL/kg/h 2–12 hours before; (1 mL/kg/h if CHF)	↑Cr ≥25%/1–4 days	29.0 versus; 29.1	33.6 versus; 30.1	0.61	2.6 versus; 1.9
Ng et al. [105]	2006	CAG; LONICM and; IONICM	47 versus; 48	Fenoldopam; 0.1 mcg/kg/h IV 1-2 hours before and 6 hours after	NAC 600 mg po bid	NSS or D5W 1 mL/kg/h 1-2 hours before and 6–12 hours after	↑Cr ≥25%/1–3 days or; ↑Cr ≥0.5/1–3 days	*Cr 1.53 versus; 1.46	20.0 versus; 11.4	0.40	ND

 *Mean GFR data is not available. Data is shown as mean serum creatinine in mg/dL.
**Percentage of RRT requirement data in each group is not available. Data is shown as percentage of RRT requirement in all patients.
bid: twice daily; CAG: coronary angiography; CHF: congestive heart failure; CI-AKI: contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Cr: creatinine; g: gram; D5W: 5% dextrose solution; h: hour; IONICM: isoosmolarity nonionic contrast media; IV: intravenous; kg: kilogram body weight; LONICM: low osmolarity nonionic contrast media; mcg: microgram; mg: milligram; mL: milliliter; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; ND: no data; NSS: normal saline solution; N/2: 0.45% NaCl; po: per oral route; q12h: every 12 hours; RRT: renal replacement therapy.